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Methods used in phonetic research. Direct observation method is the oldest, simplest and most readily available method of investigation (visual or auditory) consisting in (1) observing the movements and positions of one’s own or other people’s organs of speech in pronouncing various speech sounds; (2) analysing the kinaesthetic sensations during speech sounds articulation; (3) in comparing speech sounds with the resultant auditory impressions. The majority of experimental research makes use of the following instrumental phonetic techniques: (1) spectrography, in which a computer produces a “picture” of speech sounds; such computer systems can also carry out the analysis of fundamental frequency for producing “pitch displays”; (2) radiography (X-rays analysis), which refers to the radiographic study of the dimensions and movements of the vocal tract in producing speech sounds; (3) laryngoscopy, which is used for inspecting the inside of the larynx, (4) palatography -- for recording patterns of contact between tongue and palate, (5) glottography – for studying the vibration of the vocal folds and many others.

• Methods used in phonetic research. Direct observation method is the oldest, simplest and most readily available method of investigation (visual or auditory) consisting in (1) observing the movements and positions of one’s own or other people’s organs of speech in pronouncing various speech sounds; (2) analysing the kinaesthetic sensations during speech sounds articulation; (3) in comparing speech sounds with the resultant auditory impressions. The majority of experimental research makes use of the following instrumental phonetic techniques: (1) spectrography, in which a computer produces a “picture” of speech sounds; such computer systems can also carry out the analysis of fundamental frequency for producing “pitch displays”; (2) radiography (X-rays analysis), which refers to the radiographic study of the dimensions and movements of the vocal tract in producing speech sounds; (3) laryngoscopy, which is used for inspecting the inside of the larynx, (4) palatography -- for recording patterns of contact between tongue and palate, (5) glottography – for studying the vibration of the vocal folds and many others.