Why Study Syntax? - Syntax provides
- systematic rules for forming new sentences in a language.
- can be used to verify if a sentence is legitimate in a language.
- a step closer to the “meaning” of a sentence.
- Who did what to whom semantics
- Applications
- Improving precision in search applications
- Yankees beat red sox
- Red sox beat yankees
- Paraphrasing
- Information Extraction
- Fill in a form by extracting information from a document.
Structure of Words - What are words?
- Orthographic tokens separated by white space.
- In some languages the distinction between words and sentences is less clear.
- Chinese, Japanese: no white space between words
- nowhitespace no white space/no whites pace/now hit esp ace
- Turkish: words could represent a complete “sentence”
- Eg: uygarlastiramadiklarimizdanmissinizcasina
- Morphology: the structure of words
- Basic elements: morphemes
- Morphological Rules: how to combine morphemes.
- Syntax: the structure of sentences
Morphology and Syntax - Interplay between syntax and morphology
- How much information does a language allow to be packed in a word, and how easy is it to unpack.
- More information less rigid syntax more free word order
- Hindi: “John likes Mary” – all six orders are possible, due to rich morphological information.
- English expresses relations between words through word order.
- Morphologically rich languages have freer word order.
- However, some parts have rigid word order.
- Noun groups in Hindi: “one yellow book”
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