Disperse reactive dyes with appropriate chemical structure are key
for the coloration of natural fibers in the water-free environmentally
friendly medium of supercritical carbon dioxide with various
advantages. The objective of this work is to design and synthesize a
novel anthraquinonoid disperse reactive dye involving a versatile bridge
group to improve the coloration properties of the dye in supercritical
carbon dioxide. Cross-coupling condensation based on an Ullmann
reaction between
N-phenylethylenediamine and 1-chloroanthraquinone
in a ligand-free system is investigated by optimizing the synthesis
parameters. Notable influences are observed from the dosages of
N,N-dimethyl formamide and potassium hydroxide, as well as the
system temperature and reaction duration, on the isolated yield of
the dye precursor. An optimized process is also recommended for
synthesizing the designed novel dye. Then, the chemical structure, color
characteristics, and coloration properties of the obtained dye are further
investigated and successfully characterized by utilizing Fourier-transform
infrared analysis,
1
H and
13
C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,
UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and liquid
chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, practical coloration
experiments are performed with cotton, silk, and wool in a supercritical
carbon dioxide medium.
Reactive Dyes
1. Introduction
In recent decades, systems involving dense gases under high
pressures and temperatures above their individual critical
points, namely, in the supercritical state, have demonstrated
attractive properties for dissolving various organic substances.
[1]
© 2018 The Authors. Published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA,
Weinheim. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and re-
production in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Adv. Sci. 2018, 1801368
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