Taoufik Yeferny and Sofian Hamad

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IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL.20 No.2, Fabruary 2020 
1 
Manuscript received Fabruary 5, 2020 
Manuscript revised Fabruary 20, 2020 
Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks: Architecture, Applications and 
Challenges
Taoufik Yeferny and Sofian Hamad 
 
College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia 
Summary 
With the emergence of Information and Communication 
Technologies (ICT) and wireless embedded sensing devices into 
modern vehicles, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) becomes a 
reality and an indispensable component of smart cities. The 
purpose of ITS is to improve road safety and traffic efficiency as 
well as offering infotainments services. In fact, warning drivers 
in the right time about dangerous situations on the road and 
providing them with prior information about traffic will 
undoubtedly leads to enhance driver’s safety and reduce traffic 
congestion. Technically speaking, ITS is based on self-
organizing wireless networks, known as vehicular ad-hoc 
networks (VANETs). Mobile vehicles in VANET might play the 
role of stationary sensors in infrastructure-based networks. They 
can detect, gather and disseminate real-time data about traffic, 
driving conditions and potential hazards on roads. In this respect, 
we review in this study, recent developments on the design of 
VANET protocols and applications. We first introduce the 
architecture of VANETs then we review their unique 
characteristics and applications. Thereafter, we discuss the main 
research challenges and open issues to be considered for 
designing efficient and a cost-effective VANET protocols and 
applications. 
Key words: 
VANET, Protocols, Data dissemination, Data aggregation, RSU 
deployment.