Task for seminar 6 I. Answer the following questions

Task for seminar 6
I. Answer the following questions.

1. 
   What is Linguoculturology?
   

Linguacultural is a term meaning that a language includes not only elements such as grammar and vocabulary, but also past knowledge, local and cultural information, habits and behaviors. The term was created by the American anthropologist Michael Agar.

2. 
   Why is language being so important to a culture?
   

Agar talks about linguacultural; he defines it as the necessary tie between language and culture. He underlines that languages and cultures are always closely related and it is not possible to distinguish languages from cultures. Therefore, you cannot really know a language if you do not know also the culture expressed by that language.

3. 
   What is a phraseological unit and what types of them do you know?
   

Translating a phraseological unit is not an easy matter as it depends on several factors: different combinability of words, homonymy, polysemy, synonymy of phraseological units and presence of falsely identical units, which makes it necessary to take into account of the context. Besides, a large number of phraseological units have a stylistic – expressive component in meaning, which usually has a specific national feature.

4. 
   What is the difference between phrasemes and idioms?
   

An idiom is a phrase that has a figurative meaning, whereas a phrase is a group of words that have a literal meaning. For example, “kick the bucket” is an idiom that means to die. Whereas “the cat sat on the mat” is a phrase that has a literal meaning.

5. 
   What is understood under conformities in phraseological units?
   

The main types of phraseological conformities are as follows: Complete conformities, Partial conformities, Absence of conformities. Partial conformities of phraseological units in two languages assume lexical, grammatical and lexico- grammatical differences with identity of meaning and style, i.e. they are figuratively close but differ in lexical composition, morphologic number and syntactic arrangement of the order of words.

6. 
   What national and cultural identity can we find in English, Uzbek and Russian proverbs?
   

descriptive translation is the translating phraseological units by a free combination of words is possible when the phraseological unit has a particular national feature and has no analogy in the language it is to be translated into.
1. to enter the house / phraseme /
парламент аъзоси булмок
стать членом парламента
2. to cross the floor of the house / idiom/
- бир партиядан бошка партияга утиб кетмок
- перейти с одной партии в другую


II. Write down the Russian or Uzbek equivalents of the given phraseological units.
Bite off more than one can chew- не бери больше, чем можешь взять
To keep one’s pecker up - не падать духом.
To keep one’s head above water - не влезать в долги
To keep one’s head не терять головы
A drop in the ocean капля в море
Be in the seventh heaven на седьмом небе
Be on the tip of one’s tongue на кончике языка
He would not hurt a fly и мухи не обидит
Sharp tongue острый язык
To play with fire Играть с огнем
To sit on the phone Сидеть на телефоне
To take oneself in hand взять себя в руки
Waste money бросать деньги на ветер
A black sheep белая ворона
A big fish in a little pond шишка на ровном месте
To stick to one’s guns держаться стойко
White lie белая ложь
As the crow flies так же прямо, как летит птица


III. Translate the given proverbs into Uzbek or Russian.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. Лучше синица в руке, чем журавль в небе
Don't change horses in midstream. коней на переправе не меняют,
When in Rome, do as the Romans do. С волками жить, по-волчьи выть.
Birds of a feather flock together. Рыбак рыбака видит издалека.
Better a tomtit in the hands than a crane in the sky. Лучше синица в руках, чем журавль в небе
By hook or by crook. Не мытьем, так катанием
Roll my log, and I’ll roll yours. Покати мое бревно, тогда я покачу твое
Extremes meet. Крайности сходятся.