Tasks for seminar 10 Task 1: Answer the following questions

4..The ways of rendering technical and scientific texts.
Scientific text is informational text. It includes many facts, ideas, concepts, and procedures. Scientific text is read to gain knowledge in a particular area of science.Technical text is read for the purpose of learning more about a subject or understand how to complete a task. Technical text is a type of informational text that explains the steps for how to do something. When you read technical text, pay attention to the information that tells you what you need and what steps to take.
Scientific and technical translation, like medical, legal and literary translation services, requires specialists. Translators for this kind of material should be experts in the specific subject matter. Only they can provide an accurate translation that will make the materials comprehensible to non-technical or non-scientific users.In order to make particular information available to a wider audience, the technical or scientific translator should balance the linguistic requirements of the texts, as well as the aesthetic sense of the information. Most technical and scientific texts are complex and include specific terms that are unique to each type of content. It’s the translator’s job to render the content into the target languages. At the same time, he or she sees to it that it is in non-technical languages that are easy to understand.Scientific translation, which is a sub-branch of technical translation, focuses more on the translation of scientific texts, such as scientific journals, scientific research papers and clinical trials.
Scientific translation requires precision, as the documents often contain terminology specific to the subject matter.


6.Types of business documents.


These are some of the most widely encountered business documents:
1. Contracts
Companies often agree to collaborate with other parties, for reasons such as sales, purchases, licensing or any other type of agreement. The exact details behind these collaborations are recorded with contracts that are signed by both parties and constitute an obligation for everyone involved to fulfill their agreed obligations. Contracts are legally binding and legally enforceable.
2. Documentation of bylaws
A company's documentation of bylaws is a set of internal rules and regulations that its management has established, with the purpose of letting all employees know what the agreed-upon standards and practices are. It usually outlines the company's managerial structure, potential governance issues and the individual role of each employee in the organization's well-being. They're not always legally required but are usually helpful for any type of organization.
3. Non-disclosure agreement
These agreements are signed between an organization and various other parties, such as employees, business partners, contractors and freelancers. Their purpose is to safeguard the company's essential information, such as details regarding various projects, client lists, financial records or future strategies, by having the other parties agree not to disclose them. They can be crucial for an organization's well-being, as they can preserve its competitive advantages.
4. Employment agreement
This document is signed each time a company hires a new employee. It covers both the employee's duties and role within the company as well as the company's obligations toward the employee. They're essential in maintaining good relationships between organizations and their employees and can be used by both parties in a court of law to act as proof that the other party has failed to fulfill its obligations.
5. Business plan
The business plan is often the first document created by a business owner. It's a plan that outlines what the company aims to achieve, what the timelines for its objectives are and how to achieve them. Creating an effective business plan usually requires thorough research of the competition, target audience and the market as a whole.
6. Financial documents
Managing the budget is often a major part of ensuring an organization's long-term success. Financial records such as balance sheets, income statements, bank statements, receipt records and payroll reports help the organization's management keep track of all income and expenditures, ensuring the company's financial health. They're also used to create annual financial reports to analyze the organization's financial performance during that year.
7. Transactional documents
Similar to financial documents, transactional documents help the organization's management maintain a healthy budget. They include all documents issued as a result of a transaction, such as invoices, receipts and payment orders. Keeping track of them helps the company know the funds going in and out at all times.
8. Compliance and regulatory documents
Depending on the industry in which the company operates, it may require proof that its operations are conducted within certain regulatory limits and standards. Compliance and regulatory documents act as proof that the company is within all regulatory boundaries. Most of these documents refer to the treatment of employees, compliance with tax regulations and conducting operations according to industry and environmental standards.
9. Business reports
Business reports are documents that help the organization's management gain insight into various internal aspects. They outline various elements regarding the company, its transactions, employees, contractors and other relevant information, helping management make informed decisions. They can also show the organization's business situation to potential investors.
10. Minutes of business meetings
Keeping minutes of the company's most important meetings can help everyone involved analyze what was discussed and the validity of the decisions made. This can clear up any uncertainties and disagreements by showing exactly what was said, in unambiguous terms. Effective meeting minutes often include as much information as possible, including a list of everyone attending the meeting and their vote on various decisions