Teacher: mr. Bekhzod

Indefinite and Definite
Articles
Noaniq va Aniq
Artikllar

TEACHER: MR.BEKHZOD


Definite and Indefinite Articles
Ingliz tilida 2 xil artikl bor:

1. 
   Definite Article (Aniq artikl) the
   
2. 
   Indefinite Article (Noaniq artikl) a, an
   

Noaniq artikl a va an so’zlovchi va tinglovchiga oldindan noma’lum bo’lgan, birlikdagi donalab sanaladigan ot oldidan ishlatiladi, masalan:
This is a pen – bu ruchka
It is an institute – bu institute
Yuqorida ruchka so’zi oldidan noaniq artiklning ishlatilishi, demak shu gapning o’zi ruchka nima ekanligini bilmagan kishiga aytilishi bilan izohlanadi. Ya’niu bu vaziyatda ruchka bilan tanishmoqda. Xuddi shunga o’xshash misollar:
That is a computer – ana u kampyuter
Demak xulosa shuki, kishilarga va narsaarga ta;rif berilganda, tanishtirganda yoki otda umumiylik mazmuni bo’lsa, noaniq artikl ishlatish kerak. Agar u ko’plikda bo’lsa, umuman artikl ishlatimaydi.
He is a doctor. My parents are doctors.
What is that? – It’s a calculator. What are those? – they are calculators.
This is a pen. These are pens.
It is not a pencil. They are not pencils.
Agar ot oldidan sifat kelsa, otga tegishlibo’lgan artikl sifatdan oldin ishlatiladi. Sifatdan keyin ot kelmasa, artikl ishlatilmaydi. Chunki, artikl faqat ot bilan bog’liq.
She is a beautiful woman. She is beautiful.
She is a very good engineer. She is very good.
Noaniq artikllar a va an o’rtasidagi farq:
a – noaniq artikli undosh tovush bilan (harf emas) boshlanadigan ot oldidan ishlatiladi.
a book [ bʊk ] a clean window [ kli:n `windou ]
an – noaniq artikli unli tovush bilan (harf emas) boshlanadigan ot oldidan ishlatiladi.
an article [a:tikl] an eagle [i:gl]
an old man an easy task
Noaniq artikl sanalmaydigan ot oldidan ishlatilmaydi. Chunki unda bir degan ma’no bor.
This is gold. It is not copper. Bu tilla. Mis emas.
Aniq artikl the esa so’zlovchi va tinglovchiga oldindan ma’lum bo’lgan ot oldidan ishlatiladi. Gap mazmunida biror bir otni suhbatdoshga tanishtirish holati yoki ta’rif berish holati bo’lmaydi. Aniq artiklda “siz qaysi narsani nazarda tutayotganligimni bilasiz” degan mazmun bor.
Give me the pen, please – menga ruchkani ber, iltimos.
Ushu misoldan ko’rinib turibdiki, ruchka deyilganda tinglovchi aynan shu vaziyatda turgan ruchkanigina tushunadi. So’zlovchi ham o’sha vaziyatdagi ruchkani nazarda tutmoqda. (Dunyodagi boshqa ruchkalar shu ruchkadan mustasno)
Aniq artiklni ishlatish uchun otning sanalishi yoki sanalmaydigan ot ekanligi, birlikda yoki ko’plikda ekanliga ahamiyatga ega emas. Aksincha, uning faqatgina oldindan ma’lum va aniq ekanligi hisobga olinadi.