Technology of storage and primary processing of agricultural products

Polyploids in cotton using colchicine
method of formation
Poliploid plants artificially formed to make each developed different methods: Renggli rays, temperature, number of chromosomes, the influence of different plants crossbreeding method . The method of exposure to colchicine is very common. Even a very weak solution of this alkaloid disrupts the formation of vereteno filaments in the mitotic division . As a result , the distribution of chromosomes to the poles is disrupted, and nuclear division occurs without cell division .
To obtain polyploid plants, cotton seeds are soaked in water for 24 hours . The seed coat is then separated and soaked in water for 4 days. Sprouted seedlings are fastened to a special grid. With the growth point, the seedlings are soaked in 0.5% colchicine solution for 6 hours . Such a temperature should be 23–26 °. If the solution is 0.3%, it is stored for 6 hours at a temperature of 18-20 °.
Issues to be solved independently
1. The number of chromosomes in a wheat plant is x * 7, the goploid number is "n", twice less than the number of diploids , using the symbols x and n, determine the number of diploid chromosomes of the following wheat species : a) soft wheat (Triticum avestum) n * 21; b) durum wheat (T.durun) -n * 14; c) common wheat (T.monoboccum) -n * 7.
2. Shavel-Rumer species form polyploid rows with a basic chromosome number x * 10. Determine the diploid number of the following species using the symbols x and n:
a) diploid b) tetraploid
v) hexaploid g) octoploid.
3. What gametes do the following tetroploids produce:
a) AAAa b) Aaaa v) AAaa.
4. The hexaploid type of potato (Jerusalem artichoke, Helienthus tuberosus) has 2n * 102 chromosomes. Determine its haploid “n” and the number of primary x chromosomes.
5. The diploid number of chromosomes in the beet plant is 2n * 18. X marks next species to determine the number of chromosomes:
a) triploid b) tetraploid
v) pentoploid g) hexaploid
6. Cultivated plum (Prunus domestica) is a hexoploid species with a basic chromosome number x * 8. Determine the number of haploid and diploid chromosomes of the same species using the x and n symbols.