Текстни ўқиб таржима қилинг. Text: Independence Day of Uzbekistan
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Тема
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- My biography
- “My hobby”
- The Time.
- My favourite season
- My working day
- The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan
- The National Flag
- The National Anthem
- Uzbek national traditions
- Tashkent is the capital
- The United States of America
Текстни ўқиб таржима қилинг. Text: Independence Day of Uzbekistan The 1st of September, 1991, is the birthday of new independent republic of Uzbekistan. It is the first and most important public holiday of the country. The whole country celebrates the anniversary of Independence in wide, bright and funny way. Each region (there are 12 regions in Uzbekistan) prepare various festive programs. Wherever you find yourself this day, you will find a fascinating sight: performances of original folk groups, excitable sports events, various shows and noisy craft fairs. And of course what a holiday is without treats? Festive pilaf is served in the centre of a large table, which gathers members of a family, colleagues, neighbors, friends...The capital of Uzbekistan is preparing to the celebration in advance, because the festive show, which takes place on the main square of the country, the Independence Square, is so spectacular and grandiose that it just takes one‘s breath away. Hundreds of extras, dozens of musical and dance groups, the most interesting pop and movie stars participate in it. And in the evening the square is lit up with grandiose fireworks.
My name is Gulina . I was born on the 10th of September, 1999, in Tashkent. I am 20 years old. When I was 3 years old I went to the kindergarten . I went to school at the age of 7 in 2006. I finished school in 2017 and entered the College of Oriental languages. I finished it in 2019. I entered the Chirchiq State Pedagogical Instituteat the faculty of Pedagogy. I dream to become a Kindergarten Teacher. My hobby is reading English books and playing tennis. I like to watch tennis on TV.I have got a big family. There are 6 people in my family. They are: a father, a mother, two brothers, a grandmother and me. My father is a lawyer. He likes his job. He works much. His name is Aziz. He is 46. He likes to go fishing because it helps him to relax and calm. My mother is a dentist. She is 44. Her name is Rano. She is very beautiful, friendly and cheerful woman. She likes to have holidays. My brothers are twins. They are pupils. Their names are Hasan and Husan. They are ten. They are very funny and nimble. They like to play different active games. My granny is a pensioner but she is still working. Her name is Gulshan. She is a cook. Her hobby is cooking. So it is her hobby and her job. I like my family. WE spend much time together.
A Hobby means something what we do at our spare time. My hobby is gardening. I love nature especially plants because they make my mind relax. Whenever I saw plants, this has a soothing effect on my brain. I have planted a small garden in my courtyard and fenced it. I have grown different plants particularly beautiful flowers like rose, jasmine and others. When I am free from
my studies and other activities, I sit in that garden and enjoy myself. I regularly water the plants and take care of them carefully and lovingly. Sometimes, when I am totally exhausted with my routine work, I come to my garden and sit there and become composed. Occasionally, my friends also call at my house. I sit with them in my garden. My family is also pleased of gardening being my hobby because it has no negative impact. It makes me fresh and energetic. I am pleased with my hobby.
The Time. When we want to know the time, we look at a watch or a clock. We can see two hands on the face of the watch. One hand is long. It points to minutes. The other hand is short. It points to hours. The hands go round the face. On the face of the watch there are twelve figures from1 to12. When the hour hand stands on eight and the minute hand stands on twelve, it is eight
There are four seasons in the year: winter, spring, summer and autumn. Every season has its fine days and is pleasant in its own way. As for me, I try to enjoy each season of the year. I like warm and beautiful days of early autumn. People often call this period «Indian Summer». In winter the trees are covered with white snow and look beautiful. Besides, winter is a time of joy. Winter holidays are always connected with presents, good mood, parties and a lot of fun. When spring comes, the air is full of freshness and aroma of flowers. Summer brings warmth and new joys.My favourite season is summer. As I am a student, I may enjoy my summer holidays. They are always full of fun. The weather is usually fine, it is warm and the days are the longest in the year. I may spend a lot of time with my friends. When it gets very hot, we usually go to the river, sunbathe.swim and play different games. Sometimes, the weather gets cold. Dark clouds bring thunder and lighting and it starts raining.
On my working day, as a rule I get up very early. I am getting up. I am doing my morning exercises. My sister Lola is entering my bedroom. We are doing morning exercises together. I am going to the bathroom. I am taking a cold shower. Lola is doing her hair. I am dressing. We are having our breakfast in the kitchen. It is 8 o‘clock. We are leaving. I go to my institute by bus. Lola goes to the hospital by tram. Our classes begin at 9 o‘clock and last till 14.20. Usually we have two lectures and then practice. It is 14.20. The lessons are over. I am going to the canteen. I want to have my dinner there. Monday, Wednesday and Friday, we have special training lesson. As a rule our training lasts 3 hours after which we take a warm shower. When I have no special training lessons I go to the reading hall to do homework. Sometimes after my lessons I go to the cinema or theatre with my friends.It is evening. I am sitting in the armchair and reading a book. All the members of our family are at home. They are sitting on the sofa and watching TV. In the evening I and my friend go to the walk. It is 11 o‘clock. I am going to bed. Speaking of my working day I must say some words how I master my English. I like English. At home I learn English dialogues by heart. I listen to the tape- recorder or use a record-player. I want to speak English well and to read English books in the original. Our teacher of English says that I am doing well English. I like to prepare my English lessons with Erkin. Erkin is my best friend. He is my fellow student. He is good in English and we try to speak English, when we go to the institute we say what we are doing. Sometimes we tell each other our life stories in English.
The new constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted(1) on December 8, 1992. Article 1of the constitution says that Uzbekistan is a sovereign democratic republic. All citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan, regardless(2) of their nationality, constitute(3) the people of Uzbekistan. All citizens living in the Republic, men and women of all nations and nationalities, have equal rights in the political, economic and cultural spheres(4). The right to work and the right to choose one‘s profession are guaranteed by Article 37. All citizens have the right to rest. It is guaranteed by the system of sanatoriums, boarding houses(5), holiday homes, and clubs where people can spend their free time. Article 39 guarantees pensions for people who are ill or unable(6) to work. A very important right is the right to education which is guaranteed by Article 41. The state guarantees free secondary education. Students of universities and institutes get scholarships(7). While guaranteeing the rights to all citizens, the constitution at the same time imposes(8) serious duties on them – to keep discipline and order, to defend their country. According to(9) the results of the national referendum hold(10)in January 27, 2002 and in accordance to(11)the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from April 24, 2003 passed on the bases of the referendum, the amendments(12) were introduced(13) to chapters(14) 18, 19, 20, and 23. All citizens must make the law sof the Constitution .
The national flag was approved (1)by the Extraordinary (2)8th Session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan on November 18, 1991.The flag of the Republic of Uzbekistan consists of blue, white and green stripes, separated (3) by two narrow (4) red stripes. A crescent (5) and three rows(6) of twelve stars are situated on the left side of the upper blue stripe(7). The blue color symbolizes the sky and water as the principle source (8) of life. The white stripe is the traditional symbol of peace and moral and spiritual purity (9). The green stripe symbolizes nature, the new epoch and abundance(10) in the countries where the majority (11)of the population is Islamic. The red separating stripes symbolize the current of vital(12) energy in any living body The crescent of the new moon, along with its traditional historical symbolism, is at the same time a symbol of the birth of republic's independence. The symbolism of twelve stars is connected historically with the solar calendar year.
The National Anthem The state anthem of the Republic of Uzbekistan was approved by the 11th Session of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the 12th convocation(1) on December 10, 1992. The lyrics (2)are by Abdulla Aripov and the music by MutalBourkhanov. The anthem reflects the dreams of our people. It tells about history of our people. Our people are warmhearted(3). They are proud of their motherland. The young generation is a strong wing for us. The anthem tells about prosperity(4).
Every country has its own history, traditions, customs and national costumes. National costumesdepend on (1) their religious, climate and history. Uzbek people have their own national costumes too. They are dresses from atlas and adras for girls, embroidered (2)duppi for girls and boys, mahsi and kalish, long and short nimchas (jakets), yahtak(shirt), belbog(belt), shawl, chopon, etc. Costumes of girls, boys, brides, grooms (3) and old people are differentiating from each other. Girls, brides and women wear jewelries (4). Girls, brides wear dresses, nimchas, duppis. Boys, grooms and men wear belbogs, chopons, duppis. Old people wear mahsi and kalish too. They wear national costumes for special occasions: wedding ceremonies, national holidays, funeral (5) ceremonies. National costumes of every region of Uzbekistan differentiate from each other. We like our national costumes. Hospitality and traditional respect to elders are the main characteristics of Uzbek family. Usually, Uzbeks live in large families that consist of several generations (6), therefore preference(7) is given to large houses built on the land. Tea ceremony takes important place in life as an element of hospitality. And tea making and sharing(8) it with the guests are the host‘s exclusive prerogative. When planning a visit it is recommended to take souvenirs or sweets for the host‘s kids. Usually only men are greeted by handshaking. Women and people sitting in the background are greeted by putting the right hand on the heart. During the handshaking it is traditional to ask about health, state of affairs (9)at work and home. Ceremonies of Uzbek people have formed over the centuries (10) as a result of complex process of merger (11)of cultural skills and traditions of all tribes (12)and nationalities. They are quite original, bright and diverse (13), and go back to tribal patriarchal relations. Ceremonies associated with the birth and upbringing of kids (beshik-tuyi, khatna-kilish), wedding (fatiha- tuy, wedding) are of particular importance. BeshikTuyi (wooden cradle) is a ritual celebration related to the first putting the baby into the cradle. Usually, such event is held on the 7th, 9th or 11th day from the birthday of the baby. Flat bread, sweets and toys are wrapped (14) in dastarkhan (tablecloth).Ceremony of the morning palov is held 20 days and 1 year after the date of death. Organizers of the wedding appoint the date and time of the morning palov, having agreed (15) with the mahalla community. Invitations for this day are sent to relatives, neighbors and friends. Guests take seats around the tables and after reading the fotiha (wishes) flat bread and tea are served. After the feast (16)the lagans are removed,(17) and guests again make a fotiha, and having thanked the host, they leave.When one‘s son comes of age, parents start searching the suitable girl for him. Close relatives, neighbors, friends are involved in this process. Having found a girl, aunts by mother or father come to the girl‘s house under some excuse, in order to look at her, to get acquainted with her parents and home settings of potential bride. There are many other national traditions in Uzbekistan. It is connected with national folk music – songs, dances and crafts. They are connected with everyday life and related to different special moments of life .
Tashkent is the capital Tashkent, the capital of a young independent state is the largest city in the region. Besides, it is political, business, scientific and cultural center of Uzbekistan. Tashkent is more than 2200 years old. The city is located at the foothills(1) of the Tian Shan mountains and lies in the Chirchik river valley. The population of the city has already grown to more than 1,5 mln. people. Its name has been changed many times during the centuries-old history (2): Chach, Shash, Binkent… All of these names could be transformed to Turkish word ―Tash‖ (stone) that gave a name to the city Tashkent (means ―stone settlement(3)‖). Actually city appeared on the place having analogous name and located on the mountain crossroads playing an important role in trade(4) between East and West. But always, Tashkent has been and remains(5) to be an important international transport center. Today Tashkent is famous as one of the world science and culture center. There are several muslim monuments and historical buildings such as the Kukaldosh madrasah and the Barakkhon mosque (6) which were built in the 16th century. The Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre is truly unique in its architecture and design. Theatrical Square with a splendid fountain adjoining the theatre (7) is a favorite place of recreation(8) for Tashkenters and guests of the capital. There are 20 museums in Tashkent including the Uzbek Museum of Fine Arts one of the largest in Central Asia. Collection of the museum would do honor(9) to any capital city. The Tashkent Metro faced with marble, granite and ceramic tiles (10)leaves an amazing(11) impression on the guests of the Republic. Decorated in the eastern style, it is considered one of the most beautiful in the world. For the years of independence, the capital of the Uzbek state is completely changed: many beautiful fountains are constructed to decorate squares and parks of the city, new constructed buildings decorated in national style look very impressive, international airports and railway stations have been reconstructed to provide passengers with top service on the ground and in the sky as well.(12) Tashkent is often called a city of peace and friendship. A number of summit talks (13)have been held in Tashkent all of embassies(14) and offices of many international organizations, companies and firms have opened in the city. Tashkent‘s industrial establishments (15)which
produce cotton fabric, textile machinery, electrical equipment, cotton products are famous not only in our country.
The United State of America lies in the central part of the North American continent with the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific to the west, Canada to the north, and Mexico and the Gulf(1) of Mexico to the south. The USA is one of the biggest countries in the world. The size of its territory places is the fourth in the world. Its population is over 240 million. The USA is a country, having an interesting history. It was originally populated (2)by different Indian tribes. In the 17th century European colonies were founded on its territory. But on July 4, 1776 the united colonies became independent of Great Britain and new state(3) called the USA was proclaimed. The further development (4) of the country was hundred by a civil war (5)between the North and Southern States which ended in 1865 and the unity of the nation was not impaired(6). During the period of its development the USA achieved great, successes in all fields of life – in industry, agriculture and art. With radical changes in production methods the productivity of labour (7) is increasing (8) in the country. Computers are widely used in many spheres of national economy and social life. It is having profound (9)economic and social effects. There is a variety of natural resources in the country, including the water recourses. The greatest rivers of the USA are the Mississippi, «the father of waters», the Colorado and the Columbia. One of the most widely known natural wonders in America is Niagara Falls, which is situated on the New York Central Lines, between New York and Chicago. Niagara is an Indian word and means ―roaring waters(10)‖. The fall is of great industrial importance. The USA, being a federation of states, consists of 50 states and the District Columbia. The terms (11)Washington and District of Columbia are practically synonymous. The District is named in honour of Columbus. The President of the USA elected for four years in the head of the government. All legislative (12)power belongs to Congress, consisting of two Houses the Senate and the House of Representatives. The USA is developing as a capitalist state. Two main bourgeois(13) parties dominate(14) the political scene of the USA. They are: the Democratic Party founded in 1783 and the Republican Party founded in 1854. The capital of the USA is Washington. The USA is a federal republic. The President is elected for four years, and is the head of state and of the government. Congress consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Elections to the House of Representatives are held every two years, when the whole House of Representatives is replaced. The Senate consists of two senators from each state, elected for six years. One third of the Senate is replaced every two years. A senator must be 30 years old, nine years a citizen and an inhabitant (14) of the state which elects him. The two main political parties are the Republicans and the Democrats. There is little difference between their programs in national policies.
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