Text Linguistics: The main text characteristics Lecturer: Prof. D.U. Ashurova Text definitions in the lexicographical sources - any written material (CCLD)
- a book or other piece of writing (COD)
- a written or spoken passage (CCLD)
- original words of an author or orator (OSDCE)
- written or printed words forming a literary work (PED)
- quotation, proverb, saying (COD)
- passage of Scripture, subject of sermon (COD)
- theme, topic (WNDS)
- the words to a musical composition (CERD)
- an utterance or article given in the written or printed form (LDCE)
Text definitions in the linguistic literature - text is a sequence of verbal signs, its main characteristics are cohesion and coherence (Кубрякова, 2001);
- text is an organized multitude of sentences united by different types of lexical, logical and grammatical links, a complex structural and semantic unit conveying certain information (Тураева, 1986);
- text is an utterance both in written or oral form, characterized by semantic-structural completeness, the author’s modality, a certain communicative aim and pragmatic intentions (Шевченко, 2003);
- text in its narrow sense (microtext) is a complex syntactical whole, in its wide sense it is a literary work (novel, story, essay, etc) (Москальская,1981);
- text is a linear sequence of verbal signs, semantically and intentionally completed, a compositional unit expressed by either graphical (written) or oral means (Чернявская, 2009).
The main problems of text definition: - Text limitation (a word, a sentence, the whole book);
- Is text a unit of speech or language?
- Is text presented in the written or oral form?
- Is title an obligatory component of the text?
Text definition: different approaches
Author
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Conception
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I.R. Galperin
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Text is a speech product presented in the written form consisting of the title and complex syntactical units united into a whole by different types of lexical, grammatical, logical and stylistic links, and characterized by completeness and a certain communicative aim and pragmatic intention.
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G.V. Kolshanskiy
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“Text” is a unit of communication which exists both in the written and oral forms.
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E.S. Kubryakova
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The title is not an obligatory component of the text since there are a lot of untitled texts.
| The main text characteristics - cohesion, i.e. different types of formal connections (lexical, grammatical, syntactical, stylistic, etc.) between the components of the text at its surface level;
- coherence, i.e. different types of semantic integrity (thematic, temporal, referential, compositional, etc);
- informativity, i.e. the ability to generate, store and convey different types of information;
- intentionality, i.e. communicative aim and pragmatic intentions;
- situationality (place, time, settings, circumstances of communication);
- textual modality, i.e. the author’s evaluative attitude to the events described (objective – subjective, explicit - implicit).
The main features of text linguistics - Text Linguistics is an independent scientific branch of linguistics which studies text and textual phenomena;
- Text Linguistics studies language in action, in dynamics, in communication;
- Text Linguistics regards text as a unit of communication and as a unit of culture;
- Text Linguistics regards text as a twofold communicative activity of the addresser and text of addressee;
- Text Linguistics studies text from different angles: structural, semantic, compositional, stylistic, communicative, pragmatic, cognitive, linguocultural;
- Text Linguistics is an interdisciplinary science, closely related to communicative linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology;
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