The adjective. Types of adj. Degrees of comparison

It is closely associated with the verb (it has got the verbal stem; it is a component of 2 analytical verbal forms).

It can be modified by an adverb (beautifully written).

In certain lexical contexts it opposes Participle I in voice and aspect (writing – written, falling - fallen).

It is unchangeable.

Categorial meaning – some state of the object which is the result of the process.

Terminology:
1. Past Participle (as opposed to Present Participle)

• 
  e.g. Viewed from above the city seems beautiful. seemed will seem
  
• 
  e.g. One day passed was already a day in the past.
  
• 
  e.g. I don’t want to have it hung up. Just lean it against the wall.
  

2. Passive Participle (as opposed to Active Participle)
He wrote – it was written
written

• 
  e.g. fallen leaves, the risen sun, a vanished land, past times, the newly arrived guests, a grown girl, escaped prisoners, the deceased lady, a collapsed lorry, an eloped pair, an expired lease, a deserted sailor, etc.
  
• 
  e.g. she would sit watching the fallen leaves of last year, as she had watched the falling ashes at home.
  

Subjective or objective relations with Participle II can be identified only syntagmatically. Much depends on the verbal stem of Participle II. Objective relations are more recurrent and they express:

• 
  A result of a completed action (the verb is terminative and transitive) 
  e.g. He took a sheet of ruled paper covered with pencil notes.
  
• 
  Consequence of an uncompleted action (the verb is non-terminative and transitive)
  e.g. He came in, escorted by Christine.