The ancient cities of middle asia

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THE ANCIENT CITIES OF MIDDLE ASIA

The ancient cities in Middle Asia are Khiva, Samarkand and Bukhara. Khiva lies some 30 km from Urgench, the administrative centre of Khoresm region of Uzbekistan. A thirty minutes ride by car along the highway lined by boundless cotton plantations takes the visitor to a city ten centuries old. Towards the beginning of the seventeenth century Khiva was the capital of Khorezm. The inner city of Khiva Ichan-Kala divides the town into parts a new one and an old one. The narrow streets, blind alleys, market squares, ancient architecture monuments Djuma Mosque leaves no one indifferent.

The architecture of Khiva with its monumental forms, wonderful monuments and old paintings made it an outdoor museum. Another attractive monument of the 14th century of Khiva is the Seyid Allauddin mausoleum and beautiful mausoleum of a famous philosopher and poet Pahlavan Makhmud.

The ancient artists decorated these mausoleums with colourful ornament. The other two world famous towns of Middle Asia Samarkand and Bukhara formed the architectural assembly known throughout the world. These towns were the centres of education and trade. The great astronomer Ulugbek built his observatory in Samarkand in Middle Ages and nowadays it is a museum visited by many tourists.

O'RTA OSIYONING QADIMI SHAHARLARI

O'rta Osiyodagi qadimiy shaharlar - Xiva, Samarqand va Buxoro. Xiva O'zbekistonning Xorazm viloyati ma'muriy markazi Urganchdan 30 km uzoqlikda joylashgan. Cheksiz paxta plantatsiyalari bilan o'ralgan shosse bo'ylab o'ttiz daqiqali avtoulovda yurish mehmonni o'n asrlik shaharga olib boradi. XVII asr boshlarida Xiva Xorazmning poytaxti edi. Ichki qal'a Xiva Ichan-Qala shaharchani yangi va eski qismlarga ajratadi. Tor ko'chalar, ko'r-ko'rona xiyobonlar, bozor maydonlari, qadimiy me'morchilik yodgorliklari Djuma masjidi hech kimni befarq qoldirmaydi.

Xiva arxitekturasi o'zining monumental shakllari, ajoyib yodgorliklari va eski rasmlari bilan uni tashqi muzeyga aylantirdi. Xiva XIV asridagi yana bir jozibali yodgorlik - Seyid Allauddin maqbarasi va taniqli faylasuf va shoir Pahlavon Maxmudning go'zal maqbarasi.

Qadimgi rassomlar ushbu maqbaralarni rang-barang naqshlar bilan bezashgan. O'rta Osiyoning boshqa ikki dunyoga mashhur shaharlari Samarqand va Buxoro butun dunyoga ma'lum bo'lgan me'moriy majmuani tashkil etdi. Ushbu shaharlar ta'lim va savdo markazlari bo'lgan. Buyuk astronom Ulug'bek O'rta asrlarda Samarqandda o'zining rasadxonasini qurgan va hozirgi kunda bu ko'plab sayyohlar tashrif buyuradigan muzeydir.