In 1499 the territory of Mawarannahr was invaded by new conquerors, the nomadic tribes Dasht-i-Kipchak. The head of the tribe Muhammad Shaybani Khan won Samarkand in 1500-1501 and founded a new state, which included Mawarannahr, Chorasan and Khorezm, and later other lands. Shaybanid Dynasty had been ruling almost a century and turned Central Asia into an arena of bloody wars. In a series of civil wars for the throne all members of the Shaybanid clan were killed. In 1599 Ashtarkhanids came to the power. Under Ashtarkhanids the centralized state was divided into three separate states: Bukhara Emirate, Kokand and Khiva Khanate. - Formation of Khorezm as an independent state is related with Ilbars Khan (1511-1525), a descendant of Jochi. In the beginning of the 16th century the state was ruled by khans from Dasht-i-Kipchak tribes. Khorezm became an independent state and was called Khiva Khanate. It flourished under Abdulgazi Khan.
- From the middle of the 18th century Bukhara was under the Manghit Dynasty. Muhammad Rakhim-Biy became the ruler of the Bukhara Khanate. He was called an emir, and since that time the state was called the Emirate of Bukhara. History of the Emirate of Bukhara is the story of constant civil wars and conflicts, which influenced on the economic and cultural life of the country.
(Cont.) - The separation of Kokand (1709) from the Bukhara Khanate was promoted by the compactness of the territory and developed economic independence of the Fergana Valley. The Kokand Khanate included North Fergana from Namangan to Pansadgazi. Shakhrukh-biy from the tribe Ming (“Thousand’) was declared the first ruler of Fergana in 1710. Three independent states, appeared in Central Asia during the Middle Ages, were closely related with each other. Political events of one khanate infringed interests of other khanates.
- Central Asian khanates in the middle of the 19th century were typical feudal states. Social order had features of settled people as well as nomadic and seminomadic tribes. It was particularly typical for the Khiva Khanate.
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