خَيْرَ أُمَّتِىْ الَّذِينَ يَلُؤنِى ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلُؤنَهُمْ ثُمَّ الَّذِينَ يَلَؤنَهُمْ (عبدالله ابن مسعودؓ – مسلم) The best of my ummah are those who are in my time (my companions), then those who are in their time (Tabi‘in), then those who are in their time (Taba‘ Tabi‘in). (Abdullah bin Mas‘ud R, Muslim)
The biographies of the following Tabi‘in (those who had met The biographies of the following Tabi‘in (those who had met companions of the Prophet (SAW):Saeed bin al-MusayyebMuhammad bin Muslim az-ZuhriUrwah ibn zubayrSaeed bin jubayrMujahid ibn jabr ‘Ata bin Abi Rabah'IkramaTawus bin Kaysan
9.Alqamah bin Qays 9.Alqamah bin Qays10.Masruq ibn al-ajda11.Qatada12.Hassan al basri13.Amir al-Sha'bi14.Ibn Jurayj15.Ibne Nafie‘16.Ad Dahak
Born in 17 H in the reign of Umar R. Born in 17 H in the reign of Umar R.His father Musayyeb, grandfather Hazan both had become Muslims on the Day of Victory of Makkah.He never missed the first row in salat.Saeed had said, “For thirty years, never did a muezzin call to prayers except that I was already in the Mosque.”
He had pain in his eyes. He was advised to go to Al-Aqeeq and look at its greenery to get relief. He replied, “What should I do about attending the ‘Isha’ and Fajr prayers?” He had pain in his eyes. He was advised to go to Al-Aqeeq and look at its greenery to get relief. He replied, “What should I do about attending the ‘Isha’ and Fajr prayers?”His narrations from ‘Ali, Usman, ‘A’isha, and Abdullah bin Umar Rs are recorded in Bukhari/Muslim. His narrations from Umar R are recorded in other four Sahihs.His famous students were: Az-Zuhri, Qatadah, Ibn Dinar, and Yahya bin Saeed. Umar bin Abdul Aziz was governor of Madinah. He used to consult Saeed before taking any decision.
His Nawafil His NawafilHe used to stand whole night in tahajjud.Quite often he used to fast, and pass the time in the mosque.He had performed around forty Hajj.He used to sit properly with humility and respect in order to narrate a hadith.During his illness, people used to hold him in sitting position to learn hadith.
Status in Knowledge Status in Knowledge He had married a daughter of Abu Huraira R. He had learnt hadith from him. He himself became a great muhaddith of Madinah.‘Ata bin Abi Rabah in Makkah, Hasan Basri in Basrah, Makhul in Syria, Nakha‘ii in Kufa, and Sa’ eed in Madinah were fuqha’ of the highest level.
Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal used to regard his mursal hadith firm and authentic. Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal used to regard his mursal hadith firm and authentic.Imam Shafi‘I used to regard his mursal hadith hasan.Yahya bin Ma‘een used to regard him a greater faqih than Hasan Basri. According to an opinion, after the four Abdullah’s, Saeed got the title of Faqih in Madinah.
Tortures and Tribulations Tortures and TribulationsAbdullah ibn Zubair R sent Jabir bin Aswad to Madinah to seek oath of fealty from Saeed. Saeed refused to give his oath, saying that unless the whole ummah agrees upon him, he would not submit.Jabir flogged him fifty times on his refusal, but he did not budge.
Jabir had four wives. He divorced one of them, and married another one. Saeed gave a fatwa against this marriage, saying that Jabir had committed a haram act by marrying a fifth time, while his divorced wife was still in ‘iddah. Jabir punished him by flogging, but he did not budge. Jabir had four wives. He divorced one of them, and married another one. Saeed gave a fatwa against this marriage, saying that Jabir had committed a haram act by marrying a fifth time, while his divorced wife was still in ‘iddah. Jabir punished him by flogging, but he did not budge.
Once Abdul Malik bin Marwan came to Medina. He sent for a mufti to consult on some of his problem. Saeed refused to go to the caliph, saying, “The caliph has no need to get from me; and I have no need to go to him.” The caliph again sent for him, but he did not obey the order. He was later, given forty lashes.
Once, a caliph sought an advice from him. The caliph said, “When I do some good deed, I do not feel happy; and when I commit some evil deed, I do not feel any sadness.” Once, a caliph sought an advice from him. The caliph said, “When I do some good deed, I do not feel happy; and when I commit some evil deed, I do not feel any sadness.” Saeed replied, “Your heart is completely dead.”Saeed was asked to pledge his allegiance to Walid and Sulaiman both, he refused. He was given one hundred lashes.
Once Walid bin Abdul Malik wanted to make an extension of the Prophet’s Mosque. He came to visit the Mosque. All the people were asked to vacate the Mosque. Once Walid bin Abdul Malik wanted to make an extension of the Prophet’s Mosque. He came to visit the Mosque. All the people were asked to vacate the Mosque. Saeed refused to vacate his place. The caliph came to him, enquired about him, greeted salam to him, and continued his inspection.
The Case of His Daughter The Case of His Daughter Saeed had a beautiful daughter. Caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan proposed to marry his wali ‘ahd Walid with her. Saeed declined the proposal. He was given forty lashes on his refusal. But, he married his daughter to one of his poor student Abu Wada‘ah in the mosque. He himself took his daughter to her husband’s house. Someone asked him the reason of denial.
He explained his decision, thus: “Listen! May Allah guide you to the right path. Children are trust of Allah. For her salvation, I have selected a kind, religious, and righteous young man who will try to save himself as well as her from the fire. This way she will be safe from the fitnah of the world. Had I married her to a prince, she would have been busy among her maids and pomp of kingdom. Who would have raised her for salat and tahajjud?” He explained his decision, thus: “Listen! May Allah guide you to the right path. Children are trust of Allah. For her salvation, I have selected a kind, religious, and righteous young man who will try to save himself as well as her from the fire. This way she will be safe from the fitnah of the world. Had I married her to a prince, she would have been busy among her maids and pomp of kingdom. Who would have raised her for salat and tahajjud?”
Some of His Fatwas Some of His Fatwas 1. “If a man swears that he would not talk to his wife for a day or a month, it is Eela. However, if he swears that he would not talk to her, but touches her, it is not Eela. If this situation continues for more than four months, then, he has divorced her.” 2. “The husband of a divorced woman has to pay for her rented house till the ‘iddah.” 3. “A person can enter the toilet or in janabah condition with a ring in which Allah’s name is written.”
4. Saeed said that there is no zakat on ornaments which are in use. 4. Saeed said that there is no zakat on ornaments which are in use.5. Old men and pregnant women should feed poor persons in lieu of their fasts. 6. Saeed asked a man who had married a woman while in ihram to separate from her.7. Saeed had decreed that one can charge fees for teaching the Qur’an.8. Saeed had decreed that an irrevocably divorced woman can be remarried to her first husband without consuming her marriage with the second husband.
Dreams Interpretation Dreams Interpretation 1. Abdullah bin Zubair R saw that he had laid Abdul Malik bin Marwan on the ground and had driven four pegs in his back. Saeed said that Abdul Malik would kill Ibn Zubair. 2. Hasan bin ‘Ali R told Saeed that he saw written “He is Allah, One” on his forehead. Saeed told him that the time of his death was near. Hasan R died the same year.
3. Saeed had said, “Seeing dates in a dream is always an omen of provision.” 3. Saeed had said, “Seeing dates in a dream is always an omen of provision.”4. Someone asked him, “I saw my teeth fell off into my hands.” Saeed said, “You are going to outlive some of your people younger than you.”5. Saeed had said, “If a person sees that he was in shackles it means he would remain steadfast in religion.”
Known as az-Zuhri or Ibn Shihab. Known as az-Zuhri or Ibn Shihab.Az-Zuhri was born in the time of M‘uawiyyah, and lived during the times of ten successive caliphs.Az-Zuhri was a student of Saeed ibn Musayyab for eight years.Az-Zuhri traveled a lot between Syria, Egypt and Hijaz to acquire knowledge.
He memorized the Qur’an in eighty days. He memorized the Qur’an in eighty days.He would never attend a teacher without a slate or script to write.To memorize a hadith, he would wake up his maid and read the hadith to her or would go to Bedouins to teach them.
He learnt hadith from famous scholars of his time, in addition to eight years with Saeed bin Musayyab. Some of those teachers were: Sahl ibn S‘ad R, Anas bin Malik R, ‘Ali bin Husain, Urwa bin Zubayr. He learnt hadith from famous scholars of his time, in addition to eight years with Saeed bin Musayyab. Some of those teachers were: Sahl ibn S‘ad R, Anas bin Malik R, ‘Ali bin Husain, Urwa bin Zubayr.He used to tell youth of his time, “Do not underestimate yourselves because of young age, Umar R would invite youth and consult them.”
He had very sharp memory: He had narrated to his teacher Saeed al-Musayyab all the instructions of two large scrolls of admonition of caliph Abdul Malik to the people of Madinah. He had very sharp memory: He had narrated to his teacher Saeed al-Musayyab all the instructions of two large scrolls of admonition of caliph Abdul Malik to the people of Madinah.“I have never seen any one so precise in his narration of hadith as az-Zuhri,” said ‘Amr bin Dinar.
“The first person to record knowledge is Ibn Shihab,” said Imam Malik, “ and on the day of his death, his un-published material was carried on a mule.” “The first person to record knowledge is Ibn Shihab,” said Imam Malik, “ and on the day of his death, his un-published material was carried on a mule.”Once, he dictated four hundred hadith to a scribe of Hisham. The script got lost. He re-dictated the same ahadith. Later, the lost script was found and compared with the new one. Not a single discrepancy was found between the two.
Umar bin Abdul Aziz said about az-Zuhri, “Whatever az-Zuhri narrated to you from others, hold fast to it. But whatever he tells you of his own opinion, cast it away.” Umar bin Abdul Aziz said about az-Zuhri, “Whatever az-Zuhri narrated to you from others, hold fast to it. But whatever he tells you of his own opinion, cast it away.”His maraseel were treated as the worst kind by some great scholars such as Yahya al-Qattani, Imam Shafi‘i, etc.Az-Zuhri did not mind changing the order of wordings in hadith, as long as the meaning was kept intact.
Some of his Fatwas Some of his Fatwas “As long as the dead animal in a pond did not change the taste or odor of its water, the water is pure.”“The ablution is weighed; therefore, the use of towel to dry it is disliked.”“The ransom money of Muslims and non-Muslims in a Muslim country are same.”“If a person vowed to do something forbidden by Allah, he should fulfill his vow with doing some righteous act.”“A sorcerer should be killed if he is a Muslim. However, if he is a non-Muslim, he should not be killed.”
His Relations with Rulers His Relations with RulersThough, Az-Zuhri used to have good relations with Umayyad rulers, he would never hesitate to correct their views or attitude. Once, Walid bin Abdul Malik recited the following verse: وَالَّذِى تَوَلَّىٰ كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابُ عَظِيمُ (النور 11) and attributed it to ‘Ali R, but az-Zuhri told him that it was about Abdullah ibn Ubayy.
Walid got angry with him and threatened to kill him when he got power. Az-Zuhri told him that Allah would not give a fool like Walid power over him. Walid got angry with him and threatened to kill him when he got power. Az-Zuhri told him that Allah would not give a fool like Walid power over him.Walid, then, sent his men to his garden of dates who had cut all its trees and burnt down his house.Az-Zuhri complained to Hisham and demanded the removal of Walid from his succession. Hisham only compensated his loss.
‘Ata bin Rabah was a Yemeni Habshi slave of a noble woman of Makkah. ‘Ata bin Rabah was a Yemeni Habshi slave of a noble woman of Makkah.He had divided his time into three parts: In the first part he used to serve her mistress. He used to spend his second part in Allah’s worship. The third part was completely devoted to acquire knowledge.Seeing his interest in acquiring knowledge, his mistress set him free.
After being free, he started dwelling in the Haram of Makkah. The historians write that for twenty years, ‘Ata used to dwell in Haram After being free, he started dwelling in the Haram of Makkah. The historians write that for twenty years, ‘Ata used to dwell in Haram on his jute mat. He acquired knowledge from all the following companions of the Prophet (Peace be upon him):Abu Hurayrah R, Abdullah bin Umar R, Abdullah bin Abbas R, and Abdullah bin Zubayr R.
Abdullah bin Umar R used to tell the people of Makkah that they had no need of any other learned man while ‘Ata bin Abi Rabah was among them. Abdullah bin Umar R used to tell the people of Makkah that they had no need of any other learned man while ‘Ata bin Abi Rabah was among them.
Once, caliph Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik came to perform Umrah; he asked about the chief scholar of the Haram; he talked to him, and requested him for Du’a. Sulaiman introduced him to his princes: Once, caliph Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik came to perform Umrah; he asked about the chief scholar of the Haram; he talked to him, and requested him for Du’a. Sulaiman introduced him to his princes: “Shaykh ‘Ata ibn Abi Rabah is the chief student of Abdullah bin Abbas R; the greatest scholar of his time; and the chief Mufti of Makkah.”
He continued his advice to his sons: “Acquire knowledge. The knowledge raises a slave to a status higher than king. He is remembered after his death. He wins prayers and good wills of all the people. His life in the Hereafter is exalted.” He continued his advice to his sons: “Acquire knowledge. The knowledge raises a slave to a status higher than king. He is remembered after his death. He wins prayers and good wills of all the people. His life in the Hereafter is exalted.”
He used to live a very simple life. The caliphs used to send him a lot of money and goods, but he would distribute all of them among the needy people. He used to live a very simple life. The caliphs used to send him a lot of money and goods, but he would distribute all of them among the needy people.The caliphs used to invite him to Damascus, but he used to decline the invitation, saying that people should not live with them; otherwise, they would destroy their religion. However, once, he traveled alone to visit the caliph Hisham bin Abdul Malik.
Dialogue with Hisham Dialogue with Hisham“Marhaba, Marhaba, Ya Shaykh! What can I do for you?” “Approve expenses for the people of Haramayn. They are the neighbors of Allah and The Prophet.” “Done! What else?” “Approve regular expenses for the families of your forces who are on the borders.”
“Done! What else?” “Done! What else?”“Reduce the taxes of non-Muslims who live in your domain to keep them away from your enemies.”“Done! What else?”“Fear Allah. You were born alone. You would be alone at the time of Accounting. None would help you. Deeds are here, and rewards are there in the Hereafter.”
The caliph started crying. The caliph started crying.‘Ata bin Rabah, then, left the palace. He was presented a purse of money. But saying that,وَمَآ أَسْئَلُكُمْ عَلَيهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ أَجْرِيَ إِلَّا عَلَىٰ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ ○ (الشعراء 108)he returned the purse to the caliph, and left the city for Makkah, without taking even a glass of drink.
Others’ Opinions about Him - Others’ Opinions about Him
1. Ibn Hajar ‘Asqalani, “’Ata was final word in the domain of Knowledge and Fiqh.” 2. An-Nawavi, “He was the Chief Mufti of Makkah. He was much higher than other Imams.” 3. Ibn Hanbal, “’Ata was one of the beloved of Allah.”4. Awza‘ee, “’Ata was the most favored person of the people on the earth”.
Dars-e-Hadith Dars-e-Hadith He never allowed people to talk during his dars-e-hadith. Once, he expelled a man from his dars because of his talk. The following renowned persons used to attend his dars: Abu Hanifa, Awza‘ee, Az-Zuhri, Mujahid, Ibn Jurayj, Abu Ishaq, ‘Amash, etc.
He used to perform Hajj every year. A naquib, appointed by the caliphate, used to announce, during Hajj seasons, that none except ‘Ata bin Rabah is authorized to teach Hajj rites to people. He used to perform Hajj every year. A naquib, appointed by the caliphate, used to announce, during Hajj seasons, that none except ‘Ata bin Rabah is authorized to teach Hajj rites to people.He used to pass his spare time alone. He used to avoid needless talking to people. All six Sahih Books have his narrations.He died in Makkah 114 H.
Born while the Prophet (SAW) was alive. Born while the Prophet (SAW) was alive.Raised during the times of Guided Caliphs.He has narrated hadiths from Umar R, ‘Ali R, Usman R, Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqas R, Salman Farsi R, Abu Ayyub Ansari R, Hudhayfa Yaman R.He studies Quran, Hadith and Fiqh from Abdllah bin Mas‘ud R.
‘Alqamah was just like Abdullah bin Mas‘ud in conduct and character. And Ibn Mas‘ud was just like the Prophet (Peace be upon him) in his conduct. ‘Alqamah was just like Abdullah bin Mas‘ud in conduct and character. And Ibn Mas‘ud was just like the Prophet (Peace be upon him) in his conduct. He used to finish the Qur’an in six days. Once, he continued going round the Ka‘bah whole night.
‘Alqamah’s memory was remarkable. Whatever, he heard once would always be able to recall. He had memorized all what he had learnt from Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud R. ‘Alqamah’s memory was remarkable. Whatever, he heard once would always be able to recall. He had memorized all what he had learnt from Abdullah ibn Mas‘ud R.In fiqh, he had acquired the status of mujtahid.Even some of the companions of the Prophet (Peace be upon him) used to visit him to learn hadiths from him.
He had the honor of participating in the overseas Jihad in 32 H with M‘uawiyyah R. It was the same Jihad about which the Prophet (SAW) had said, “All those who participate in the first overseas Jihad would be forgiven.” He had the honor of participating in the overseas Jihad in 32 H with M‘uawiyyah R. It was the same Jihad about which the Prophet (SAW) had said, “All those who participate in the first overseas Jihad would be forgiven.”He hated to meet high officials, saying they would decrease his good deeds.He died in 62 H. He advised people not to publicize his death and burry him quickly.
Hafiz Dhahabi: He was a faqih and imam. Hafiz Dhahabi: He was a faqih and imam.‘Allama Nawavi: He was a faqih of a high status.Ibn Sa‘d: He knew a large number of ahadith.Abu Tibyan: I have myself seen many companions asking him about their problems.
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