The Classification of Words

§ 179. Here belong much, many, (a) few, (a) little, several, enough, which may function as pro-nouns (much, many, (a) few, several, (a) little, enough); pro-adjectives (much, (a) little, enough); pro-numerals (many, several, (a) few); and pro-adverbs (much, (a) little, enough).

£. g. pro-nouns:

Many preferred the pianist with
his wonderful eyelashes. (Locke). Enough is as good as a feast.
(Proverb).

pro-numeral: pro-adverb:

pro-adjective:

/ don't see much nonsense when a girl goes and kills herself. (Priestley).
Many women think so. (Daily

for being

Worker). He cared but little

И о ф и к,

opposemes of

conspicuous.

§ 180. Most quantitative pronouns form с comparison:
	many	— more,	(the) most
	few	— fewer.	(the) fewest
	" much	— more,	(the) most
	little	— less.	(the) least.
op.	^1 See В Н. Ж и г а д cit , p 67.	л о, и. П	Иванова, Л

113
It is characteristic that the quantitative pronouns indi­cating indefinite quantities may have the opposemes of comparison, whereas the numerals indicating definite quanti­ties admit of no comparison.
Contrasting Pronouns
§ 181. Here belonged/- (others, other's, others'), another (another's) and otherwise.
They are united by the meaning "not the (object, property, circumstance) indicated" and contrast therefore with the demonstrative pronouns:
This, that (book) — another (book)
these, those (books) — other (books)
these, those — others
thus, so — otherwise.
E. g. I don't care for that dress, show me another, something in grey.
Friday won't do. I am dining out Come some other day.
Not everybody thinks so. You evidently think о t h-e r w i s e.
Other, otheis, other's, another, another's are used as pro­nouns, other and another as pro-adjectives, and otherwise as a pro-adverb.
When the pro-noun other denotes inanimate things, it has only a number opposite, others, like nouns of the book type. When it denotes persons, it has also a case opposite, other's, like nouns of the boy type.
In serving others she could forget herself. (Randall). The о t h e r' s hand shook slightly. (Black).
Another peculiarity of other is its combinability. Like a noun it may be used with the definite article or a demon­strative pronoun, as in Please, tell the others how matters stand. (Galsworthy).
Sheila: You are pretending everything is lust as it was before*
Eric: I am not, Sheila, but these others are. (Priest­ley).
114
§ 182. The pronoun one stands somewhat apart, outside the classification discussed above.
We may speak of at least three-variants of this pronoun: 1) an indefinite pronoun, 2) an indefinite personal or gener­alizing personal pronoun, 3) a prop-word.
§ 183. As an indefinite pronoun it is usually a pro-adjec­tive with the meaning "a certain" and refers to both living beings and inanimate things.
E. g. She married one Mr. Maitland. (Maxwell). One day an old man came to see me.
It has no grammatical opposites.
§ 184. As an indefinite or generalizhig personal pronoun one indicates only a person. It is a pro-noun. It has a case oppo­site one's and is correlated with the reflexive pronoun oneself.
In certain sentences the pronoun one may acquire the generalizing meaning of 'everyone' including the speaker.
E. g. One must do о п e' s duty. To the best of о п e's capacity one plans the next day. (Snaith).
In other cases one indicates 'an indefinite person', 'some person', 'any person', 'a person', etc., usually including the speaker.
One couldn't be excited about a person who looked so shy (Williamson).
Sometimes one serves to disguise the speaker, as in О п e just can't throw о п e' s self-respect to the dogs because of this sandy-haired boy. (Williamson).