The creation of a competitive environment and anti-monopoly legislation in Uzbekistan

Basic concepts:

Competition is a conflict of economic interests of market entities, a struggle between them for higher profit and more utility.

Competition within the network is a struggle between enterprises of the same network to have more favorable conditions for production and sale, to obtain additional profits.

Interindustry competition is a struggle between enterprises of different industries to obtain the highest profit margin.

Unfair competition is the use of non-traditional, unrecognized by society, non-economic (i.e. physical force, coercion, damage to competitors' reputation, etc.) methods of competition.

Fair competition is a competitive struggle based on rules recognized by society, such as the use of economic methods and the avoidance of situations that are contrary to the interests of the general public in achieving one's own goals and interests.

Price competition is a struggle based on manufacturers lowering the price of their products compared to the prices of similar products of other manufacturers.

Priceless competition is a struggle in which the main factor is not the price of goods, but their quality, service, reputation of the manufacturing company.

Monopolies are associations of large enterprises (firms, corporations) that exercise control over industries, markets, and the overall macro-economy in order to set monopolistically high prices and obtain monopolistically high profits.

Concentration of production - concentration of means of production, labor force, and volume of product production in large enterprises.

Accumulation of capital is an increase in the amount of capital as a result of the accumulation (capitalization) of part of the surplus value.

Centralization of capital is an increase in the size of capital through the acquisition of another capital by one capital or the voluntary unification of several independent capitals in the form of a joint-stock company and other forms.

A pure monopoly is a situation in which the sole producer or seller in the network has monopoly in determining the price and production volume, and, consequently, in making a profit.

Oligopoly is a situation in which a few large producers or sellers in the network dominate in determining the price and production volume.

Monopolistic competition - there is a large number of producers or sellers in the network and there is a certain degree of competition between them, but each producer or seller, due to the presence of individual, special features of their goods or services, sets their prices and production. a certain degree of dominance in determining the output volume.

Monopsony is a monopoly situation in which the number of producers or sellers in the network is very large, and there is only one consumer or buyer of their goods or services.

Natural monopoly is a state of the market of goods in which, due to the technological characteristics of the enterprise, meeting the demand for the product is carried out more efficiently in the absence of competition.

Legal monopoly is a legally organized monopolistic situation.

Artificial monopoly is the conditional name (to distinguish it from natural monopolies) of associations established for the purpose of monopolistic profit.

A cartel is an association of several enterprises in one industry, the participants of which retain their ownership of the means of production and products, and the sale of the created products is carried out on the basis of a quota.

A syndicate is an association of several enterprises producing the same type of product, with the ownership of the means of production being retained by the members of the association, and the sale of the manufactured product is carried out through a specially organized single trade organization.

A trust is an association of producers in the form of a legal entity that provides joint ownership of means of production and finished products.

Consortium is a union of entrepreneurs for the purpose of joint implementation of large financial operations.

A concern is an association that includes a set of formally independent, multi-sectoral enterprises (enterprises of various sectors such as industry, trade, transport and banking).

1 Karimov IA "Uzbekistan is striving for the 21st century". T.: Uzbekistan, 1999, p. 34.

1 Abdullayev Yo. Fundamentals of market economy: 100 questions and answers. - T.: "Labor", 1997, pp. 58-59.

2 Economic theory: Textbook. - Izd., ex. i dop. / Pod obsh. ed. Acad. VIVidyapina, AIDobrinina, GPJuravlevoy, LSTarasevicha. - M.: INFRA-M, 2005, p. 121.

3 Kulikov LM Economic theory: ucheb. - M.: TK Webli, Izd-vo Prospekt, 2005, p. 191; Tojiboyeva D. Economic theory: study guide for students of higher educational institutions. T.: "Teacher", 2002, p. 246.

4 Definitions in this context are also given in the following sources: Shishkin AF Ekonomicheskaya teoriya: Uchebnoye posobiye dlya vuzov. 2-e izd. Kn.1. - M.: Humanist. izd. center VLADOS, 1996, p. 597; Borisov Ye.F. Economic theory: ucheb. - 2nd ed., pererab. i dop. - M.: TK Welby, Izd-vo Prospekt, 2005, p. 208; Basic economic theory. Political economy: Uchebnik / Pod ed. It's Dr. Nauk, Prof. DDM Moscow. Izd. 3-e, ispravl. - M.: editorial URSS, 2003, p. 499.

5 Karimov IA Our main goal is democratization and renewal of society, modernization and reform of the country. T.: "Uzbekistan", 2005, pp. 76-77.

6 Ensuring the priority of human interests is the main goal of all our reforms and changes. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov's report at the meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers on the results of socio-economic development of the country in 2007 and the most important priorities for deepening economic reforms in 2008 // Xalq sozi, February 9, 2008.

7 Shadibayev T. and dr. Osobennosti antimonopolnoy politiki v Uzbekistane: public principle and legal basis. - Ekonomicheskoye obozreniye, No. 2, 2004, p.5.

8 Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. On the establishment of the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Exclusion of Monopoly, Competition and Entrepreneurship Support. April 30, 2005.

9 Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan. On restriction of monopolistic activity and competition in commodity markets. December 27, 1996. - T.: "Adolat", 2001.

10 Ensuring the priority of human interests is the main goal of all our reforms and changes. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov's report at the meeting of the Cabinet of Ministers on the results of socio-economic development of the country in 2007 and the most important priorities for deepening economic reforms in 2008 // Xalq sozi, February 9, 2008.

11 See: Karimov IA World financial and economic crisis, ways and measures to eliminate it in the conditions of Uzbekistan. - T.: Uzbekistan, 2009, p. 33.