The First Germanic Sound Shift Grimm’s Law Verner’s Law

The First Germanic Sound Shift Grimm’s Law Verner’s Law

(1822) (1875)

History of language and theoretical phonetics
Made by Rakhat Aidana ДШТЖ-22-01
Eurasian Humanitarian Institute named after A.K. Kusayinov
The Danish linguist Rasmus Rask demonstrated the significance of laws of sounds as a proof of linguistic kinship.
He was the first to recognize the relationship between the languages now called Germanic.
But he did not see the complete regularity of the development of sounds.
Jacob Grimm deepened and systemized R. Rask’s observations. The First Germanic Sound Shift is named after him and is known as Grimm’s Law.
Grimm’s law concerns an unconditioned (необусловленный фонетическим окружением)sound change that affects all Indo-European stops in the Germanic languages.
Grimm's Law consists of three parts, which must be thought of as three consecutive phases in the sense of a chain shift.
Comparing words of Germanic languages with the corresponding words of other IE languages (Russian, Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, etc.), linguists find correspondences between them, which may be represented by the following chart:

1. IE voiceless stops changed to corresponding voiceless spirants/ fricatives.

IE p, t, k, kw

Latin: pēs, pedis,

Sanskrit: pāda,

Russian: под (pod).

Latin: tertius

Latin: canis

Latin: quod,

Irish: cad,

Sanskrit: kád

Germ. f, Ѳ (þ), h, hw

English: foot,

German: Fuß,

Gothic: fōtus.

English: third,

Gothic: þridja.

English: hound,

German: Hund

English: what,

Gothic: ƕa ("hwa"),