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You are rumored to have lost a very substantial portion of your own net worth during your final
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- Did your poor trading results during the past year speed your career transitions It made no difference. Have you really gone cold turkey, or are you still trading lightly
- Paul Tudor Jones-The Art of Aggressive Trading
You are rumored to have lost a very substantial portion of your own net worth during your final
year of trading. Are these stories true or exaggerated? I lost about 10 percent of the money I had made in the markets. Of course, measured as a percentage of my net worth, the figure is much higher because of my charitable and political contributions over the years. Did your poor trading results during the past year speed your career transitions? It made no difference. Have you really gone cold turkey, or are you still trading lightly? I am not trading at all. Richard Dennis is one of the legendary commodity traders of our time. He is the type of trader you might visualize implementing large long positions near market bottoms and large short positions near market tops. It is thus surprising that Dennis downplays the value of trying to pick major turning points. In fact, he claims that such trades have done little, if anything, to contribute to his trading success. Dennis believes that one of the worst mistakes a trader can make is to miss a major profit opportunity. According to his own estimate, 95 percent of his profits have come from only 5 percent of his trades. Missing only a few such profit opportunities could have a dramatic negative impact on performance. As a corollary, you need to guard against holding too rigid an opinion on a market, since such an opinion could easily lead to missing a major trend. One particularly useful piece of advice offered by Dennis is that the times when you least want to think about trading—the losing periods—are precisely the times when you need to focus most on trading. 48 49 Paul Tudor Jones-The Art of Aggressive Trading October 1987 was a devastating month for most investors as the world stock markets witnessed a collapse that rivaled 1929. That same month, the Tudor Futures Fund, managed by Paul Tudor Jones, registered an incredible 62 percent return. Jones has always been a maverick trader. His trading style is unique and his performance is uncorrelated with other money managers. Perhaps most important, he has done what many thought impossible: combine five consecutive, triple-digit return years with very low equity retracements. (I am fudging slightly; in 1986, Paul's fund realized only a 99.2 percent gain!) Jones has succeeded in every major venture he has tried. He started out in the business as a broker and in his second year grossed over $1 million in commissions. In fall 1980, Jones went to the New York Cotton Exchange as an independent floor trader. Again he was spectacularly successful, making millions during the next few years. His really impressive achievement though was not the magnitude of his winnings, but the consistency of his performance: During his three and a half years as a floor trader, he witnessed only one losing month. In 1984, partially out of boredom, and partially out of fear of eventually losing his voice—an occupational hazard for a pit trader— Jones again abandoned his successful career for a new venture: money management. He launched the Tudor Futures Fund in September 1984 with $1.5 million under management. At the end of October 1988, each $1,000 invested in this fund was worth $17,482, while the total amount of money he managed had grown to $330 million. In fact, the amount under management would have been higher, but Jones stopped accepting new investment funds in October 1987 and has also made cash disbursements since that time. If one believes in cycles—as Jones does—it appears that he is due for another career change. It is hard to imagine what he can do for an encore. Jones is a compendium of contrasts. In private conversation he is relaxed, but as a trader he shouts his orders with the ferocity of a drill sergeant. His public image is one of a swaggering, egotistical trader, but one-on-one he is easygoing and unassuming. The media usually dramatizes the flamboyant elements of his lifestyle—Chesapeake Bay Mansion, private 3,000-acre wildlife preserve, beautiful women, fine restaurants—but he has also made helping the poor a second avocation. Jones has emulated New York businessman Eugene Lang by setting up a fund to finance the college education of eighty-five elementary school graduates in Brooklyn's economically depressed Bedford-Stuyvesant section. This is not merely a matter of donating money; Jones has become personally involved by meeting with his adopted students weekly. More recently, he started the Robin Hood Foundation, whose endowment has grown to $5 million. This organization, true to its name, raises money from the rich and distributes it to private groups and individuals working to aid the poor. Jones had arranged our interview for 3:15 P.M., a time by which all the futures markets are closed, except for the stock indexes. Even with only one market trading, I was a little concerned about the practicality of starting the interview at that time, since I knew that the S&P stock index futures contract was one of Jones' primary trading vehicles. In fact, when I arrived he was in the midst of trading the S&P. I waited until he finished shouting orders over the speakerphone and explained that I did not want to interrupt his trading. "Maybe we should delay the interview until the market closes," I suggested. "No problem," he answered, "let's go." As it turned out, Jones was not merely trading the S&P that afternoon, he was building up a major position in anticipation of a huge break in the stock market. There is an intensity in Jones' placement of an order that is reminiscent of a tennis player aggressively returning a volley. ("Buy 300 at even! Go, go, go! Are we in? Speak to me!") Yet, he shifted easily between trading and our conversation. Jones speaks with admiration about his first tutor in the business, the legendary cotton trader, Eli Tullis. Perhaps the one trait of Tullis that made the greatest impression on Jones was his steel-hard emotional control. He recalls how Tullis could carry on a polite, relaxed conversation with visitors, without blinking an eye, at the same time his positions were getting decimated in the market. Jones' casualness in seeing visitors, talking to his staff, and participating in this interview at the same time he was trading a heavy S&P position reflected the same trait. A rally in stock index futures in the closing minutes of trading that day caused over a $ 1 million loss in Jones' position. Yet, he was so composed that I didn't realize the market had moved against him until I checked the closing prices later that day. There was insufficient time to complete the interview at our first meeting. I returned about two weeks later. Two things were notable about this second meeting. First, whereas he had been strongly bearish and heavily short the stock market at the time of our first conversation, Jones' short-term opinion on the stock market had shifted to bullish in the interim. The failure of the stock market to follow through on the downside at the price and time he had anticipated convinced him that the market was headed higher for the short term. "This market is sold out," he emphasized at our second meeting. This 180-degree shift in opinion within a short time span exemplified the extreme flexibility that underlies Jones' trading success. He not only quickly abandoned his original position, but was willing to join the other side once the evidence indicated his initial projection was wrong. (Yes, his change of heart proved well timed.) Second, Jones had suddenly adopted a very cautious tone regarding projections p Ttaining to the stock market and the economy. He was concerned that a second major selling wave in the stock market—the first being October 1987—could lead to a type of financial Mc-Carthyism. Indeed, there is historical precedence for such concern: During the Senate hearings held in the 1930s, committee members were so desperate to find villains responsible for the 1929 stock crash that they dragged up New York Stock Exchange officials who had held long positions during the price collapse. Jones feared that, as a prominent speculator and forecaster of economic trends, he might make a convenient target for any future governmental witch-hunts. Jones had been particularly rattled by a call from a prominent government official regarding his trading. "You wouldn't believe how high-placed this person was," he explained to me in a voice tinged with incredulity, taking particular care not to divulge anything specific. 50 Although Jones remained friendly, the directness of the first interview was replaced by an almost prerecorded quality in his replies. For example, a question about trading strategy was met with a response about frmit-running^- an illegal practice in which a broker places his own order m^ront~oralarge customer order. This reply virtually bordered on the absurd since Jones handles no customer orders. It made as much sense as a football fan, who bets in his office pool, denying that he took a bribe to throw the game. It sounded as if Jones was using the interview as a forum for making an official statement, perhaps to be used as evidence in some hypothetical future congressional hearing. I thought that Jones was being overly cautious—if not paranoid—but then again, the expectation that a true economic crisis would lead to "killing the messengers of bad news" does not really seem that far-fetched. Download 5.03 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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