The New England colonies were largely settled for religious reasons. The New England colonies were largely settled for religious reasons.Following the English Civil War, the Middle and Southern colonies were settled.
Puritans- wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church through reform Puritans- wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church through reformSeparatists- decided the Anglican Church was too corrupt to be reformed and left EnglandPilgrims- this group of Separatists sailed to America in 1620
On the Mayflower, the Pilgrims and others sailed for Virginia but landed at what is now Massachusetts On the Mayflower, the Pilgrims and others sailed for Virginia but landed at what is now MassachusettsThe colonists signed the Mayflower Compact, agreeing to establish a government ruled by majority
Plymouth suffered from a plague that left only 50 alive Plymouth suffered from a plague that left only 50 alive The colonists also struggled to grow food in the cold and rocky environmentSquanto, from the Wampanoag tribe, taught colonists how to grow foodIn 1621, the Wampanoag and colonists celebrated a successful harvest (basis for Thanksgiving)
In 1630, Puritans (non-Separatist) left England to escape persecution In 1630, Puritans (non-Separatist) left England to escape persecutionThey formed Massachusetts Bay Company and left for America, led by John WinthropWinthrop wanted the colony to be a Christian model for the world, calling it a “city upon a hill”
Great Puritan Migration- over 20,000 Puritans left England for America Great Puritan Migration- over 20,000 Puritans left England for America Eventually (1691), Plymouth was absorbed into the much larger Massachusetts Bay colonyBoston became a major city and eventually the beginning point of the American Revolution
The General Court and churches were governed separately but were closely related The General Court and churches were governed separately but were closely relatedThe General Court passed laws regulating moral behavior and supporting churches with taxesChurches were governed by “church members” who had had “conversion experiences”
Puritans had no tolerance for heretics, (people who disagreed with the church)Roger Williams was banished from Massachusetts for heresyWilliams helped establish Rhode Island, where he allowed religious freedomAnne Hutchinson was also banished when she challenged the authority of Puritan leaders
The land above Massachusetts was split into New Hampshire and Maine The land above Massachusetts was split into New Hampshire and MaineMaine was considered part of Massachusetts until 1820
Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut so non-church members could participate in government too Thomas Hooker founded Connecticut so non-church members could participate in government tooFundamental Orders of Connecticut- first written Constitution in America
Overall, these northern colonies (future states) became known as “New England” Overall, these northern colonies (future states) became known as “New England”The Wampanoag and New Englanders initially got along through trading for furs Over time, New Englanders wanted more land and wanted the Wampanoag to adopt English laws, customs, and Christianity
Tension peaked with the outbreak of King Philip’s War in 1675 Tension peaked with the outbreak of King Philip’s War in 1675The Wampanoag were led by “King Philip” (Metacomet)The colonists killed King Philip and destroyed many Indian villagesKing Philip’s War represented the last major stand of Indians against New EnglandersHow did Chesapeake and New England colonists compare in their relationships with American Indians?
The Middle Colonies are Settled: The Middle Colonies are Settled:The Dutch (Netherlands) settled the area between England’s New England and Chesapeake colonies Henry Hudson explored the region that the Dutch claimed as “New Netherland” The main settlement, on Manhattan Island, was called “New Amsterdam”
The English Civil War had disrupted English settlement in America The English Civil War had disrupted English settlement in AmericaFollowing its Civil War, England used its superior military to easily take New Netherland from the Dutch New Netherland became “New York” and New Amsterdam became “New York City”New York City, like Boston, became a major trading area New York
A religious group arose in England known as the Quakers (Society of Friends) A religious group arose in England known as the Quakers (Society of Friends)Quakers were pacifist (anti-violence) and believed in religious tolerationQuakers thought everyone had an “inner light” and believed all sexes and races were equal
The English king granted William Penn, a Quaker, land in America that became Pennsylvania The English king granted William Penn, a Quaker, land in America that became Pennsylvania Pennsylvania had complete religious and political freedom and Philadelphia was the capital Pennsylvanians respected Indians and coexisted with them peacefully (unlike most English colonies) A wider variety of European immigrants came to Pennsylvania than any other colonyQuakers in Pennsylvania
Carolina:
Had good harbors and wealthy port cities (like Charles Town) Had good harbors and wealthy port cities (like Charles Town)The slave trade flourished here
Bad harbors, contained many poor farmers and few slaves Bad harbors, contained many poor farmers and few slavesIndependent-minded people moved in from Virginia and South Carolina
Georgia was settled as a refuge for England’s poor people Georgia was settled as a refuge for England’s poor peopleSlavery and alcohol were initially bannedGeorgia was a “buffer colony” between English colonies and Spanish-owned Florida
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