The peculiarities of the means of plurality expressing in the english and uzbek languages
Volume-23, Issue-2, December - 2022
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74-78
Volume-23, Issue-2, December - 2022 76 -to generelize the meaning: Bu yurtdan necha-necha alpomishlar o’tmagan. -to express irony with reflexive pronouns: Ahiyri o’zlari kelibdilarda. -to express approximate time: Toshkentga soat o’nlarda yetib boraman. Thus, the suffix -lar brings various semantic loan. In both English and Uzbek languages we can find examples of suppletive forms: person - people in English; odam-xalq, olomon, omma in Uzbek. In addition, in English the irregular nouns are considered as singular and plural at the same time (fish, deer, sheep). In Uzbek we can see the words with general meaning jamiyat, insoniyat, bashariyat which is used in singular form in spite of their plural meaning. Insoniyat shu kungacha ne-ne sinoatlarni boshidan o’tkazmadi. In this example the noun’s meaning is plural, but the verb is given in singular form. Some English nouns retain the Latin-Greek formation of plurality as datum – data, oasis – oases, formula- formulae, scheme – schemata. But the words as mathematics, linguistics and news are not plural form of nouns although includes the - s inflection in English. In both languages there are also abstract words which bring singular form: friendship, love, faith, conscience, etc. In contrary there are words in plural forms. According to Alice Maclin’s reference guide, “some nouns are never used in the singular or preceded by a number” (2001: 213): e.g. means, news. In Uzbek it is difficult to meet the words in only singular form due to the polysemantic meaning of plurality. Interesting for analysis the plurality in the structure of verbs in Uzbek (aytingiz, aytdik, aytdilar), which can’t be seen in the usage of verb in English. We use only one form of the verb in both singularity and plurality in English. If we analyse plurality built with a lexical way, we can see the similarities in the usage of nouns. But the verb forms can be differentiated. The collective nouns are used to express plurality in English: The team is doing project. Scotland are playing football. I prefer English food. However, in the Uzbek language collective nouns used with verb in the plural form: Hukumat qo’shimcha soliqlarni yo’lga qo’yishni rejalashtiryapti.- The Government are planning to work out extra bills. Or The Government is planning to work out extra bills. In English the word “police” is used every time in plural form – The police have noticed a strange man. In turn the word “advice” is used in the singular form. The plural form also is expressed with countable and uncountable nouns. Countable: There are many books on the table. Uncountable: How much time do you have? Or I don’t have much money. In Uzbek the uncountable nouns are usualy used in plural form in the function of expressing the things’ type: Bozordan shakarlar, tuzlar olib kelindi. In this case sugar and salt in Uzbek (shakar and tuz) cannot be considered as type of the quantity. |
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