The poetics of Stephen Crane’s late novels” I. Introduction. II. The contribution of S. Crane to the development of American naturalism

Ikkinchisi nature encompasses the environmental factors that impact who we are. This includes our early childhood experiences, the way we were raised, our social relationships, and the surrounding culture.
A few biologically determined characteristics include genetic diseases, eye color, hair color, and skin color. Other characteristics are tied to environmental influences, such as how a person behaves, which can be influenced by parenting styles and learned experiences.
For example, one child might learn through observation and reinforcement to say please and thank you. Another child might learn to behave aggressively by observing older children engage in violent behavior on the playground.
Jimmie vaqt o’tgan sari ota onasidan hamda atrofidagilardan yomon illatlarni o’rgandi. Uning harakteridagi nuqsonlari ota-onasidan me’ros bo’lgan bo’lsa, aroqho’rlik zo’ravonlik, qo’pollik kabilarni yon atrofidagi insonlardan o’zlashtirib oldi.

When he paused to contemplate the attitude of the police toward himself and his fellows, he believed that they were the only men in the city who had no rights. When driving about, he felt that he was held liable by the police for anything that might occur in the streets, and was the common prey of all energetic officials. In revenge, he resolved never to move out of the way of anything, until formidable circumstances, or a much larger man than himself forced him to it.

…………………………………………………….
Jimmie grew large enough to take the vague position of head of the family. As incumbent of that office, he stumbled up-stairs late at night, as his father had done before him. He reeled about the room, swearing at his relations, or went to sleep on the floor.
……………………………………………………………………………..
Pizer argues that the place is like a prison and therefore the people of the Bowery will never be able to escape from there (cf. Pizer 188). "They seek release from their destiny in violence or, on the other hand, in illusions of happiness and grandeur derived from the theater, the saloon [...] and the mission house" [Stallman 74].
Difficulty in living conditions and working places forced people to find solace in something, and it was certainly bad vices such as alcoholism and prostitution. Although alcoholism, in turn, is considered a bad habit that leads to the downfall of a person, due to the huge amount of bars, liquor stores and the wish to escape, the people tend to drink a lot of alcohol. The best example is provided by Maggie’s parents and Pete, who is an owner of a bar. But also children get confronted with drunkenness very early. They either have to buy it for their parents or neighbors like Jimmie, who "took a tendered tin-pail and seven pennies and departed. He passed into the side door of a saloon and went to the bar" (Crane 13), or they start drinking themselves. The problem of alcoholism leads then again directly to violence, which turns life in the Bowery into a vicious circle. Edward Garnett describes the situation as follows: ’The Bowery inhabitants, [...] can be nothing other than what they are: their human nature responds inexorably to their brutal environment’ This argument supports my argumentation that the external living conditions are also responsible for Maggie to die in the end. The girls who did not start drinking, often tried to find their luck in prostitution, which gave them the illusion to be in a better position, because they wore "handsome cloak[s]"(Crane 76). Bowerilik kishilarda bundan boshqa chora yo’q edi va shunga ular odatlanib qolishgan. Buni yengib o’tishga esa ular hattoki urinib ham ko’rishmaydi va tabiat va jamiyat qoidalariga o’z o’zidan bo’ysunadilar.
Asarning bosh qahramonlaridan biri Maggie boshqalardan farqli o’laroq , Bowery muhitiga moslasha olmaydi. Only Maggie remains unaffected and somewhat naïve, making an exception to these “[s]elf-indulgent, brutal, self-pitying” (Berryman 164) people. When she falls in love with Pete, one of Jimmie’s friends, the girl’s relationship causes a scandal-like outrage amongst the tenement inhabitants.
Parallel to Jimmie’s growing into bitter manhood Maggie who “blossomed in a mud puddle” grew to be a most rare and wonderful production of a tenement district, a pretty girl. None of the dirt of Rum Alley seemed to be in her veins. The philosophers up-stairs, down-stairs and on the same floor, puzzled over it. “When she does go to work in a sweatshop which manufactures collars and cuffs, “the name of whose brand could be noted for its irrelevancy to anything in connection with collars,” Crane emphasizes the extent to which the working poor are met with the same loss of identity they have known since childhood. All the shop-girls are of “various shades of yellow discontent.” But the most tragic, and ultimately fatal, consequence of poverty is Maggie’s vulnerability to the advances of the boastful Pete, with whom she becomes infatuated—a young man whose “patent-leather shoes looked like murder-fitted weapons.”
As Jimmie and his friend exchanged tales descriptive of their prowess, Maggie leaned back in the shadow. Her eyes dwelt wonderingly and rather wistfully upon Pete`s face. The broken furniture, grimey walls, and general disorder and dirt of her home of a sudden appeared before her and began to take a potential aspect. Pete`s aristocratic person looked as if it might soil. She looked keenly at him, occasionally, wondering if he was feeling contempt. But Pete seemed to be enveloped in reminiscence. "
“There was valor and contempt for circumstances in the glance of his eye. He waved his hands like a man of the world, who dismisses religion and philosophy.” As a result of her encounter with Pete, Maggie will continue to spiral down towards her own destruction, a fate that unfolds in a series of erroneous and misguided readings of other people’s characters and true motives. Maggie is equally susceptible to the same gullible adoration when Pete regales her with his tall tales of strength and manliness on the job, telling would-be troublemakers to “get deh hell outa here,” and, most audaciously, of appreciation and commendation from his boss. “But deh boss ... he says,
‘Pete, yes done jes’ right!’” The sweet and innocent Maggie has no way of discerning Pete’s dishonesty and false bravado and, sadly, falls prey to his empty promise of false hope because she is still able to imagine in Pete the possibility of escaping the poverty and degradation into which she has been born. “Maggie perceived that here was the beau ideal of a man.... Under the trees of her dream-gardens there had always walked a lover.”
As writer mentioned Maggie thinks “here was a formidable man who disdained the strength of a world full of fists. Here was one who had contempt for brass- clothed power ; one whose knuckles could defiantly ring against the granite of law. He was a knight”.After that she began to analyse the difference between her life in slums and places which Pete described them to her brother. “She reflected upon the collar and cuff factory. It began to appear to her mind as a dreary place of endless grinding. Pete`s elegant occupation brought him, no doubt, into contact with people who had money and manners. it was probable that he had a large acquaintance of pretty girls. He must have great sums of money to spend.
Meggie’s life changed dramatically after she met with Pete . She began to account “how long her youth would endure. She began to see the bloom upon her cheeks as valuable. She imagined herself, in an exasperating future, as a scrawny woman with an eternal grievance. Too, she thought Pete to be a very fastidious person concerning the appearance of women”.