The present perfect tense is used: 1 to express a present result of the past actions

• PRESENT
• PERFECT
• have
• + VIII
• has

The PRESENT PERFECT tense is used:

1) to express a present RESULT of the past actions :

• “He hasn’t done his homework”.

2) to express life experience (ever, never):

• “Have you ever been a child?”

3) to express unfinished past (since, recently, for):

• They have been friends for 20 years.

4) to express a PAST action, period of time isn’t finished (already, just, yet, this year):

• “You have already had six cakes!”.

PAST action, time isn’t finished

• “I have been to the circus twice this week”.

5) to present new information:

• “Wow! I’ve got a 5!”

new information

• “The police have arrested two men”

6). “It is the (first) time smth. has happened”

• “It is the (first) time
• I have won a lotery!”

7). With state verbs instead of Continuous: be, dislike, enjoy, feel, hate, hear, know, like, prefer, remember, see, smell, taste, etc.

• «I have always liked this film».

The Present Perfect is used with the following time expressions:

• just
• always
• already (+)/ yet (-;?)
• ever/ never
• since
• for
• lately/ recently

Regular Verbs
Verb	Past simple II form	Past participle III form
wash	washed	washed
believe	believed	believed
fry	fried	fried
play	played	played
‘open	‘opened	‘opened
ban (запрещать)	banned	banned
travel	travelled (GB) traveled (US)	travelled (GB) traveled (US)

Irregular Verbs
I form	Past simple II form	Past participle III form
be	was/were	been
begin	began	begun
feel	felt	felt
hear	heard	heard
fly	flew	flown
give	gave	given
come	came	come
buy	bought	bought
learn	learnt (learned)	learnt (learned)