The Present simple tense

Eslatma: Lekin ba’zida o’zbek tilidan farqli ravishda ingliz tilidagi majhul nisbatli gaplarda ish-harakatning bajaruvchisi ya’ni egasi “By” (tomonidan) predlogi orqali ko’rsatib qo’yilishi ham mumkin.
“Hamsa” was written by Alisher Navoi.
This house was built by my grandfather.
“By” ni ish harakat kim tomonidan bajarilishini ifodalashda ishlatsak, nima bilan bajarilganini ifodalashda “with”dan fodalanamiz.
The pancakes were made by Ann. They were made with eggs, flour, milk.
Ish – harakatni kim yoki nima tomonidan bajarilganligini so’ramoqchi bo’lsak “Who/What…..by” formulasidan foydalanamiz.
Who was Australia discovered by?
What was the fire caused by?
Hear, help, see, make fe’llari aniq nisbatda o’zidan keyin “to” siz infinitive talab qiladi. Lekin majhul nisbatda bular “to” li infinitive talab qiladi.
They saw him leave the building.
He was seen to leave the building.
Hear, see, watch fe’llaridan keyin Ving shakli keladigan bo’lsa bu holat majhul nisbatda ham o’zagarmaydi.
They saw him running down the stairs.
He was seen running down the stairs.
Think, believe, say, report, know, expect, consider, understand, allege kabi so’zlar majhul nisbatda shaxsli va shaxssiz konstruksiyalar hosil qiladi.
1) It is thought/believed/said/reported/known/considered/understood/alleged +(that)…
2)Ega+be+thought/believed/said/reported/known/considered/understood/alleged+toV…
Active: People believe that he lied in the court.
Passive: a) It is believed (that) he lied in the court. (shaxssiz)
b) He is believed to have lied in the court. (shaxsli)
Active: They expect him to arrive soon.
Passive: a) It is expected (that) he will arrive soon.
b) He is expected to arrive soon.
Supposed to ham yuqoridagi holatda qo’llanishi mumkin.
It is supposed to be good. (tahmin qilinmoq)
Mark is supposed to have hit a policeman. (tahmin qilinmoq)
Lekin ba’zida supposed to kutilgandi, kelishilgandi ma’nolarida quyidagiga o’xshash gaplarda keladi. Mazmuniga e’tibor bering:
The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it.
What are you doing at work? You are supposed to be on holiday.
Our guests were supposed to come at 7.30, but they were late.
I’d better hurry. I’m supposed to be meeting Bob in ten minutes.
You’re not supposed to park your car here.
Tom is much better after his illness, but he’s still not supposed to do any heavy work.