The State and Its People Richard Ekins
Party takes for granted in opposing a scheme that undermines the responsibilities
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Party takes for granted in opposing a scheme that undermines the responsibilities that all nationals owe to their poorer fellow nationals, whether in Wales or other relatively deprived parts of the country that is the United Kingdom. I said above that I think Barber at times takes a nation-state for granted. The assumption is plausible, because there is an obvious moral appeal to a people exercising self- government, forming a state that is sovereign and thus free from foreign rule and well-placed to rule itself. The historical complexity of the British people, which centers on but then expands beyond England, obscures the reality that it is one nation. 57 True, it is a complex nation, overlaying other national relations that were long dormant, so to speak, but no less a nation for all that, and indeed obviously still a robust nation to some extent. The British share a state in a way that is obviously not true for the British Isles as a whole, still less for Europe. The appeal of democracy is not just that each person will have a formally equal share in political power. It is instead that we jointly will exercise political power over ourselves: our willingness to form one agent and to act together is in- dispensable in explaining what self-government is and why it matters. Again, the point is not just an absence of domination or an affirmation of equal status, each of which one might attempt (unwisely) to secure by instituting a form of political order in which we are ruled not by persons but by some impersonal rule. As it happens, this was and is part of the appeal of rule by a distant king or an imperial authority, for that distant authority maintains one’s equality with one’s fellows. But self-government demands more, namely exercise of power over oneself, where the self is a group acting jointly. This is a responsibility to rule that needs to be taken up, which calls for (and helps create) active rather than passive citizens. 58 If the good state is an institutionally-ordered people, it is also a nation-state. That nation-state may often be intelligibly related to another nation, as in the case of Australia, Canada and New Zealand, which each formed part of the British empire and counted as (distant) members of the British nation, a nation from which most settlers hailed and which they relied on to grant them first re- sponsible government and in time full independence. These examples confirm, if the point were in doubt, that new nation-states may peacefully emerge from one nation-state and yet remain very close friends and allies even after becoming in- dependent. National sentiment, a people’s recognition of itself as such, reason- ably supports independent political order, but can also long persist in a complex relationship to a larger political order, especially if or when the group shares a common good with the larger order, as the dominions did within the British 56 Ibid., 217. 57 On the expansion of the English state over time, see Martin Loughlin, The British Constitution: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), 65-86. 58 For an excellent discussion of the importance of action, see Somek and Wilkinson, “Unpopular Sovereignty?,” 971-977. 61 The State and Its People Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ajj/article/66/1/49/6323585 by guest on 21 May 2023 empire. However, national sentiment can of course be corrosive, undermining a political community that is otherwise stable and peaceful. If or when national sentiment fails to track existing political arrangements, it may lead some group to form, or remember that it is, a people and attempt to reorder the political community, or the state system, to exercise (greater) self-rule. In the United Kingdom, Scottish national sentiment is often presented as a force seeking dissolution of the existing political order. Like Barber, I view this prospect with concern and lament the extent to which some who hold high pub- lic office, and others who elect them, increasingly think of their political com- munity only to be Scotland rather than Britain. Scotland would certainly be a viable polity if it were to become independent, but the reason to oppose its de- Download 202.96 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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