The strategists and touristic politics to level macroeconomic

 
Key words: tourism policy, touristic management, administration level 
Classification JEL: L 83, M 31 
At the macroeconomic level, the concept of policy and touristic strategy has a complex content and 
requires a correct use. They can promote or hinder investments can stimulate economic development or 
not, create jobs or destroy them, I can take care of preserving the natural and cultural environments or 
may contribute to their degradation. 
The concept of tourism policy and strategy is inseparable from the government. 
Regarded as sectoral policies, objectives and its instruments are connected to the structural economic policy 
in general. Thus, monetary and fiscal policy has an indisputable impact on the institutional framework of tourism. 
Significantly, there are also the repercussions of other government decisions such as those related to infrastructure 
and services, administrative and commercial law, or those on international relations.
The concept of the policy and touristic strategy is also a universal dimension, being used both at 
the national level as well as at regional and local levels. 
She contributes to diminish tax barriers, political and cultural because he has the same conceptual 
approach: to create the optimal institutional framework to achieve competitiveness - sustained 
profitability - and strategic positioning in touristic destinations and resorts.
Solid understanding of the concept of policy and touristic strategy at the administration level and 
decision-makers of the private sector, it is important not only to improve local competitiveness, but also 
for a better understanding and cooperation between and inter - Sector.
It is necessary and up to date knowledge of these policies and strategies, research, information systems, 
education and training, integration of the various contributions as a stimulus innovative, whereas the challenges 
are numerous. Among them include: the simultaneous globalization and decentralization of tourist activities; 
increase of population and pressure on natural and cultural habitats needed for tourism; national and local 
insecurity; problems related to health, supply of equipment, infrastructure and services, challenges and 
opportunities arising from the acceleration process of introducing new technologies. Should not be omitted any 
exponential growth of tourist activity, nor its impact on natural and social systems
196

---

It puts much more emphasis on the multiplication of efforts to training and dissemination of 
concepts, techniques and relevant experiences, there is a tendency to research, standardization, creation of 
universal programs that can be adapted to the local level
In the analysis of various specialized sectors and fields are referred to in recent years to the concept 
of globalization. This is a concept with consequences on all plans and includes content from a different 
study to another. To draw some general features of this process we say that globalization is meant to be a 
new paradigm characterized by speed, flexibility, integration and innovation. 
This determines the necessity of applying a different perspective on management and operations of 
touristic organizations on fundamental policies and strategies for tourism. 
In this context the scientific literature delimit three elements essential for contemporary tourism:
a) increased tourism demand worldwide: the increasing travel between and inter - regional, 
although many segments of the population travel only local or are strangers to this concept.
b) similarity tourist demand: to see a convergence of preferences, tastes and Styles of viata.
c) concentration and homogenization of tourism supply: the expansion of distribution systems, 
business mergers, etc..
There isn't a real consensus regarding the significance of globalization in the tourism sector and 
not on what means a globalized society for those involved in tourism 
Some are of opinion that globalization will bring significant benefits to nations and individuals, 
others on the contrary, fear that there will be a worsening of social equity in countries where development 
will be disadvantaged. There are also fears that globalization would weaken environmental policy, will 
erode the power of the state - nation, will decrease participation in democratic politics, etc.. 
Tourism is in a situation that Kuhn would name a 'paradigm shift' (paradigm shift) situation 
which is not far from the globalization of the economy and society in general. Traditional touristic 
resources comparative advantages (climate, landscape, culture, etc.) become less important compared 
with other factors in the competitiveness of tourism. Information (or rather strategic management of 
information), intelligence (the ability of innovation teams in an organization), knowledge (know-how, or 
a combination of technological skills and organizational culture), is now new resources and key factors in 
the competitiveness of tourism organizations.
There are predictions that the most visited destinations in the world will no longer be famous 
beaches or traditional cultural capitals, but rather products created by people. The forecast contest for the 
current tourism activity would not be the emergence of new exotic resorts, but rather in the use of massive 
information and communication technologies more accessible to lighter products, including travel and 
virtual experiences. In these circumstances, it is normal for the touristic management to change to focus 
more on policies on supply. The main purpose of the policies of aggregate supply is to increase and 
improve the productive capacity of a country. Therefore no longer focus on creating internal or external 
demand, or improving the conditions demand and its management under the current economic cycle, or 
the policies focusing on tourism promotion.
This shift - from tourism policies based on the request based on the bid - is the basic problem is 
not tourism demand, which will continue to grow according to forecasts the World Tourism Organization. 
Globalization and increased competitiveness of the tourism market after the'80 experienced a continuous 
improvement of proportion characteristics price / product, a tendency to constant quality and efficiency.
Although a study of national tourism administrations budget (WTO 1996) is still indicates a preference 
for promotional tools, there is the option for tools such as competitiveness and strategically positioning. 
In specifically new tourism policy of countries like France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Canada, 
Australia and South Africa, have the same preference to use the following tools in tourism policy:
• Type A - The increase of distribution conditions 
-quality and efficiency in human resources development in tourism
- care given to the innovation and development of tourism specific processes
- modernization of infrastructure, facilities and productive resorts 
- diversification and specialization of destinations and brands 
- conservation of natural tourist areas , cultural and urban.
- geographical distribution and more accentuated the tourist offer 
• Type B – Growth of the 'business establishment' 
- Encourage initiatives of association and cooperation between enterprises and destinations 
- Encourage tourist activities 
- public and private contributions for informational management at sectorial and subsectorial level 
- adaptability and flexibility of the institutional framework 
197

---

- join public and private sectors in taking strategic decisions. 
• Type C - Improving conditions regarding demand. It is based on the paradox that an 
demanding requests, sophisticated and better informed enhance competitiveness. 
- Obtaining and disseminating information to the consumer segments, the use of communication 
channels in this respect
- Improving policies for promotion until the formation of expectations or even perceptions among customers 
- the support given to initiatives of the market
- touristic information perceived as a public good
- improving touristic culture of consumers
- tourist consumer protection
- integrated management of the quality tourism 
• Type D - Increased services and related sectors. 
- stimulus for the creation of sectors and services adjacent to tourist destinations and resorts 
- coordination of public administration related to tourism activity, both in horizontal 
(departments of an administration) and vertical sense (local administrations, regional and national).
We observe, as viewed from the perspective of development strategies that these are only 
strategic alternatives at the national level. 
We can see that viewed from the perspective of development strategies, these are only strategic 
possibilities at national level. 
The role of states in national tourism policy depends on several factors:
¾ the level of economic development of the country,
¾ elements or the type of economy,
¾ public administration structure,
¾ institutions and cooperation between the public and private sectors,
¾ the priorities which the government sets them in connection with various economic or 
political aspects. 
Even if there is no singular model of governmental structure, especially in terms of public 
entities that have to do with tourism, it is generally accepted the fact that states have in a greater or less 
the following responsibilities: 
• to determine the sectors in which public and private tourism can operate
• to provide legislation, the dispositions and control measures that will be applied in tourism 
for environment and cultural heritage protection. 
• to build infrastructure, the facilities of land, aerial, naval transport and also the communications; 
• to develop human resources with suited training for all tourism professions 
• to develop tourism policy with concrete planning, which among other things may include: 
- assessing the richness of tourism and strengths of country of cultural and natural resources and protect them. 
- identificate the categories of competitive tourism products with comparative advantages. 
- presentation of the needs for developing infrastructure and superstructure that could affect the 
development of tourism 
- the developing of programs to financing tourism activities in the public or private sector. 
The role of government in the tourism sector has changed radically in recent years. Public sector 
policy in the most stable countries, tourism, in the opinion of Lionel Bécherel, has come more stages in 
accordance with the increasing importance of tourism in the economy.