The types of equipment for the decomposition of oils and fats

LECTURE 4
THE TYPES OF EQUIPMENT FOR THE DECOMPOSITION OF OILS AND FATS


Plan: Autoclave: purpose, scope, classification. Equipment for high-temperature oil separation. Technical characteristics (description) of autoclaves, reactors, reduction equipment. Equipment for the extraction of technical glycerin. Equipment for the distillation of glycerin. Distillation cube: functions, device, characteristics and a technical description.


Key words and phrases: autoclave, equipment for high-temperature oil separation, extraction of technical glycerin, distillation of glycerin, distillation cube


Sources:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkjo7vzbBNc&ab_channel=LitechAqua Crude glycerine purification equipment

https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/fat-splitting-plant-15485041133.html Automatic And Semi-Automatic Fat Splitting Plant, Capacity: 200 Ton/day

The autoclave (Figure 10.5) comprises a cylindrical part, a spherical base and a lid as well as it is mounted a circular tube (1) inside of it. The pipe (1) is supplied with a steam vapor, with pressure of up to 2.5 MPa through the sprayer (4). The oil and water are fed from the pipe (2) which extends into the autoclavic tubes. Because the pipe is lowered to the core, it ensures releasing of glycerol water after the first stage of hydrolysis. The pipe (3) serves to remove fatty acids after the second stage of hydrolysis.
On the spherical surface, there are shutters of pipes (2 and 3), as well as staples for the steam entrainment, which provide the necessary pressure for the steam release or acid release from autoclave, and sleeves for control measuring instruments. Autoclaves made of acid resistant steel with a capacity of 9.5 -20 m³ are widely used in industry.


Figure10.5. Hydrolysis autoclave
The continuous operating distillation cube (Figure 12.3) is a cylindrical apparatus, which 9 sections (1) are installed in the bottom. The sections are heated by means of an electric heater (5) or high temperature organic heat exchanger vapor (VOT). The distillation cube (6) is provided with bubler for supply open vapour in a pressure of 0.3MPa. Crude fatty acids flow from the central section through the 8 sleeves which are placed along the circle of cube, by shtutser (2). Distillation occurs and fatty acids begin to evaporate.
At the top of the cube there are two conical grips (3) and a grille with 5 mm hole in it, that mechanically separate fatty acid droplets. Through the branch pipe (4), the fatty acid vapors go to the condenser.
And gudron goes out of the last part of the device continuously. Cube is made from acid-resistant steel, heating surface of it, is 11.85 m².