The united kingdom of great britain

State

State structure

Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state (also head of the Commonwealth) is Queen Elizabeth II. Legislative power in the country is vested in the monarch and Parliament, which consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, with real power concentrated in the hands of the government headed by the Prime Minister.

Language

National language: English, Welsh
Scottish Gaelic is spoken by around 60,000 people in some parts of Scotland. Welsh is spoken mainly in the rural areas of North West Wales. It is the primary language for the majority of the population of Wales.

Religion

The population of Great Britain is Anglicans, Catholics, Methodists, Baptists, Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs.

Currency

International name: GBP
£1 = 100 pence. There are 5, 10, 20, 50 pound notes and 1, 5, 10, 50 pence coins. Import and export of national and foreign currency is not limited.
You can exchange currency for pounds sterling at any bank branch or exchange office. You must have your passport with you. Bank commission 0.5% - 1%.

History of Great Britain

In 43 AD. Britain became part of the Roman Empire and remained there until 410, when the Romans were driven out by Celts, Saxons and other tribes.
In 1066, the small kingdoms of Great Britain were conquered by the Norman commander William and united into a single state.
In 1215, King John Lendless signed a guarantee of rights, the "Magna Carta" (the document is still one of the main parts of the country's constitution), which ensured the rule of law.
In 1338, England entered into a war with France that lasted more than a hundred years (until 1453). Almost as soon as it ended, the war for the English throne (War of the Roses) began, which ended in 1485 with the victory of the Tudor dynasty.
During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, England became a great naval power and acquired very extensive colonies on several continents.
In 1603, when King James VI of Scotland ascended the English throne as King James I, Scotland and England were effectively united into one country. However, after the signing of the act of union in 1707, the Kingdom of Great Britain was declared, from that time London became the capital of the united state.
In 1642-1649, the conflict between the royal house of Stuart and Parliament led to a bloody conflict. The Civil War resulted in the proclamation of a republic led by Oliver Cromwell. Soon the monarchy was restored, but the rights of the king were significantly limited, and in fact, full power was in the parliament.
At the end of the 18th century, Great Britain lost 13 American colonies, but significantly strengthened its position in Canada and India. In 1801, Ireland joined the kingdom.
In 1815, Great Britain played a huge role in the defeat of Napoleon's army, which strengthened its position as one of the most important powers in Europe. After that, the country lived in peace for a century and expanded its colonial possessions, which was especially intensified during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 - 1901).
After the First World War, Great Britain was in a difficult economic situation , which partly played into the hands of the Irish independence movement, and in 1921 Ireland declared independence. After the Second World War, national problems arose in Scotland and Northern Ireland. The events in Northern Ireland, where the war had been going on since 1969, were especially dramatic.
In August 1994, the Irish Republican Army announced a unilateral ceasefire, and the peace process that began with negotiations between the British and Irish governments in the early 1990s gained some momentum. However, in early 1996, IRA militants, dissatisfied with the progress of the process, started terrorist activities again.
Great Britain United Nations and all specialized agencies of this organization, NATO, CFE, European Union, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, British Commonwealth of Nations.
In 43 AD. Britain became part of the Roman Empire and remained there until 410, when the Romans were driven out by Celts, Saxons and other tribes...