The Wild Animal’s Story: Nonhuman Protagonists in Twentieth-Century Canadian Literature through the Lens of Practical Zoocriticism
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Allmark-KentC
Allmark-Kent 247 CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSION The Wild Animal’s Story How do short stories about wild animals cause a controversy? My thesis has been driven by this unusual problem, which sits at the heart of the peculiar but fascinating history of both the wild animal story and Nature Fakers debate. The genre’s simultaneous ubiquity and marginalization—fundamental to Canadian literary animal studies, yet disregarded as something of an embarrassment —stimulated a variety of questions for me. Why did Ernest Thompson Seton and Charles G.D. Roberts create this highly specific form of writing? What contemporary forces encouraged them to attempt speaking on behalf of animals? What influenced the genre’s hybrid blend of science and storytelling? Why did Seton and Roberts feel the need to write such self-conscious prefaces to their collections? What inspired their claims of fact and accuracy? What made them state their ambitions for the wild animal story so often, and why have few critics taken them seriously? Why has their work been remembered as a “scarcely respectable branch of [Canadian] literature” (Polk 51)? Why has Seton’s name become infamous, whilst the animal stories of the “father of Canadian poetry” (Verma 18) are so often forgotten? Why did the Nature Fakers controversy happen? Which contextual and ideological factors led to the success of the accusers (John Burroughs and others) and the steady diminishing of the wild animal story? (Indeed, why would such prominent Americans feel the need to criticize the animal representations of two Canadian authors?) Most importantly, how did the wild animal story and Allmark-Kent 248 the Nature Fakers controversy impact the representation of animals in subsequent twentieth-century Canadian literature? After finding insufficient answers to these questions, the task of re- examining, re-contextualizing, and re-evaluating the stories and the debate became the primary focus of my thesis. Though admittedly ambitious, the study of twentieth-century, post-Nature Fakers Canadian literature was a necessary context for this re-evaluation; an original and effective gauge for the lasting influence of Seton ’s and Roberts’ work. Moreover, the general marginalization of Canadian literature means that the exclusion of any forms of writing from the national canon may be detrimental. Likewise, if the burgeoning field of literary animal studies is to establish a zoocentric canon of what Kenneth Shapiro and Marion Copeland both described as “robust and respectful” animal representations (345), we must scrutinize our reasons for omitting any text that places nonhuman protagonists at the centre of their own stories. This is Download 3.36 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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