Theme: major parameters of the typological category

LECTURE – 10/ PRACTICAL LESSON – 10 (2 HOURS)


THEME: MAJOR PARAMETERS OF THE TYPOLOGICAL CATEGORY

PLAN

1. 
   THE CROSS-LANGUAGE CHARACTER.
   
2. 
   THE CROSS-LEVEL CHARACTER.
   
3. 
   THE CROSS-CLASS CHARACTER.
   
4. 
   THE TYPOLOGICAL CATEGORY OF PERSONALITY
   

KEY WORDS: typology, the cross-language character, the cross-level, the cross-class, the typological category, personality.

1. 
   THE CROSS-LANGUAGE CHARACTER
   

The Comparative typology operates with the special meta-language to compare languages. The typological categories serve a meta-language and are common to the systems of compared languages, thus constituting the cross-language nature of the category. Typological categories are content-based and represented as special units of some common content or categorial meaning in the systems of compared languages which have correlated means of expression. The typological category is a unity of the typological form and typological meaning.
The typological meaning is an abstract generalized cross-language meaning which is used as a base for comparison of languages. Examples of the typological meaning: quantity, quality, temporality, personality, location, relativity, relationship, color, age, mutuality, diminution, causation, etc.
The typological form is varied into cross level and cross-class. The cross level means of the typological form can relate to each other as cross level synonyms in one language and cross language correspondents in compared languages. Typological forms may be explicit, i.e. they might be expressed by special markers, or implicit, i.e expressed by the stem of the word.
The typological form may be represented in the following way.
On the morphological level it is represented by synthetic forms (affixes, inner flexion, etc) and analytical form (auxiliary word, functional parts of speech, etc). On the lexical level it can be represented by root morphemes, derivational affixes, compound and composite words. On syntactic level the typological form can be represented by combinations of words or by the sentence.