Theme: Word order in Middle English

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word order ME

Relative Clauses

Definition	Examples	Usage
Placement
Adjectives	Words that describe a noun.	Hot Easy	1. “It was a hot day.” 2. “The test was easy.”	1. Before the noun it describes. 2. After the noun it describes, with a “be” verb in between.
Adverbs	Words that describe a verb.	Quickly Carefully Hopefully Currently	1. “Quickly, I ran.” 2. “She put the knife down carefully.” 3. “The cat followed hopefully after its owner.” 4. “I currently don’t own a cat.”	1. Beginning of a sentence. 2. End of a sentence. 3. After the verb it describes. 4. After the subject performing the verb.
Determiners	Words that indicate which of something you’re talking about.	This That These Those	1. “This is good.” 2. “He didn’t know that.” 3. “These cookies are delicious.” 4. “Aren’t those strange?”	1. Beginning of a sentence. 2. End of a sentence. 3. Before a noun. 4. After a verb and before an adjective.
Numerals	Numbers that describe how many.	One Two Three	1. “One more, please.” 2. “Can I have two?” 3. “I want three donuts.”	1. Beginning of a sentence. 2. End of a sentence. 3. After a verb.
Possessors	Words that indicate who possesses something.	His Her	1. “That book is his.” 2. “Where’s her backpack?”	1. End of a sentence. 2. Before a noun, usually an object.
Relative Clauses	A series of words that add information to a sentence.	That I ordered That he saw Of the color That she wore	1. “That I ordered a bicycle is strange.” 2. “Where’s the squirrel that he saw?” 3. “The flower was of the color red.” 4. “The dress that she wore was very pretty.”	1. Beginning of a sentence. [uncommon] 2. End of a sentence. 3. After a be verb and before an adjective. 4. After a noun, usually an object.

Confused about how a relative clause differs from a prepositional phrase? You can find more information on this page.

Bibliography

Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction. Wadsworth, 2010
That the change was complete by 1500 has been shown with convincing statistics by Charles C.Fries, “On the Development of the Structural Use of Word-Order in Modern English,” Language, 16(1940), 199–208.
Hans Henrich Hock and Brian D. Joseph, Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship: An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Mouton de Gruyter, 1996
Logan Pearsall Smith, The English Language, 1912
Leslie Dunton-Downer, The EnglishIsComing!: How One Language Is Sweeping the World. Simon & Schuster, 2010
Michael Palin and John Cleese in episode 36 of Monty Python's Flying Circus, 1972
from Haeberli 2002: 88, ChronA2 18.565.1
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file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/A%20History%20of%20the%20English%20Language%20(%20PDFDrive%20)%20(1).pdf
https://allrefrs.ru/2-15365.html

1 Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction. Wadsworth, 2010

2 That the change was complete by 1500 has been shown with convincing statistics by Charles C.Fries, “On the Development of the Structural Use of Word-Order in Modern English,” Language, 16(1940), 199–208.

3 Hans Henrich Hock and Brian D. Joseph, Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship: An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Mouton de Gruyter, 1996

4 Logan Pearsall Smith, The English Language, 1912

5 Leslie Dunton-Downer, The EnglishIsComing!: How One Language Is Sweeping the World. Simon & Schuster, 2010

6 Michael Palin and John Cleese in episode 36 of Monty Python's Flying Circus, 1972

7 from Haeberli 2002: 88, ChronA2 18.565.1

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