Theory of phonetics

Topics for discussion:

1. 
   What are the integral characteristics of vowels?
   
2. 
   What is the quality of a vowel determined and modified by? What can the particular quality of a vowel depend on?
   
3. 
   What criteria are conceived to be of great importance in classificatory description?
   
4. 
   Which groups are English vowels subdivided into when the change in the tongue position is fairly weak? Name 20 vocalic phonemes which are made of vowels and vowel glides. Do you know any other long phonemes with different glides?
   
5. 
   Are there any diphthongs or diphthongoids in Russian? How do we call them?
   
6. 
   How many classes of English vowels do Soviet phoneticians distinguish
   

according to the horizontal movement of the tongue? What are they?

7. 
   What role do lips play in the production of a sound? When are vowels checked? What are long / short vowels?
   
8. 
   What does the duration of a vowel depend on? What is it modified by? What vowel oppositions exist? What does D. Jones call chronemes?
   
9. 
   Is tenseness a vowel characteristic? What features are considered to be indispensable constituents of vowel quality?
   
10. 
    Are there any alternations of vowels in stressed and unstressed syllables between the derivatives or different grammatical forms of the same word in English and Russian?
    
11. 
    What are quantitative and qualitative modifications of vowels caused by? What is reduction (as well as assimilation and accommodation) connected with?
    

Lecture VII. Syllabiс system.
Key words:

1. continuum [kqn'tInjuqm] –поток, продолжение; 2. magnitude ['mxgnItjHd] – величина, размер, важность; 3. to declaim (recite) [dI'kleIm] / [rI'saIt] - скандировать; 4. perceptibility [pq"sqptq'bIlqtI] – ощу- тимость, воспринимаемость; 5. applicable [q'plIkqbl] – применимый, пригодный; 6. adjacent [q'GeIsqnt] – смежные, находящиеся рядом; 7. assumption [q'sAmpSn] – предположе- ние; 8. expiration ["ekspq'reISn] – выдыха- ние; 9. to coincide ["kqVIn'saId] – совпадать; 10. consequently ['kPnsIkwqntlI] – сле- довательно, в результате;

11. validity [vq'lIdqtI] – действитель- ность, законность; 12. merge [mWG] – сливаться, слияться; 13. marginal ['mRGInl] – предельный, находящийся на краю чего-либо; 14. parameter [pq'rxmItq] – параметр; 15. explosion [Ik'splqVZn] – взрыв (зд. открытие); 16. implosion [Im' plqVZn] – зд. закры- тие 17. permissible [pq'mIsqbl] – допусти- мый, позволительный; 18. constitutive [kqn'stItjutIv] – состав- ной, образующий; 19. correlate ['kPrqleIt] – коррелят, со- относительное понятие; 20. conceive [kqn'sJv] – почувствовать, понять, постичь.