Theory of phonetics

[к, г]
The tongue takes a more advanced position and the central part of the tongue is pressed against the juncture of the hard and soft palate, thus palatalizing the sound.



Affricates

[C, G] are articulated with the blade of the tongue raised to touch the back of the alveolar ridge. A complete obstruction is formed in order the air passage through the mouth to be blocked for a short time. Then the front of the tongue is raised in the direction of the hard palate and the tip of the tongue is slowly removed from the alveolar ridge, forming a flat narrowing through which air passes with friction. They are slightly palatalized. First vocal cords are kept apart and don’t vibrate. Then they are drawn together and vibrate. It is a 2-focus sound.	[ч] The front of the tongue is raised higher.
[G] It is voiced . [G] We need more noise to prolong the sound and to pronounce it quickly.	There is no counterpart in Russian. Compare: Лечь бы.
[ts] It is not an affricate. It is a cluster of two consonants: t + s.	[ц] The blade of the tongue touches the upper teeth, the tip being passive and lowered. A stop is formed. After that the blade of the tongue is slowly removed from the teeth, forming a groove-like narrowing. The air passes through it with friction.

Sonorants

[m] Is articulated with the lips slightly pressed together, forming a complete obstruction to the air to pass out through the mouth cavity. The vocal cords are drawn near together and vibrate. It is more sonorous and energetic than the Russian sound [м]