Theory of phonetics


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Theory of phonetics (1)

[ш, ж]
The front of the tongue is raised higher than in the case of the English [S, Z].
[ш] and [ж] are more palatalized. You shouldn’t lengthen [S] and [Z].

[h]
Is articulated with a strong stream passing through the open glottis. The bulk of the tongue and the lips are held in the position necessary for the production of a following vowel. It can only occur in syllable-initial prevocalic position.
For example, high [hai]
[h] is a pure sound of breath, almost noiseless.

[х]
Is articulated in the mouth cavity. The back of the tongue forms a narrowing against the soft palate and the air passes through the narrowing with considerable friction.
It is necessary to keep the back of the tongue away from the soft palate without creating any obstruction in the mouth cavity to the air stream.



Constrictive sonorants



[w]
Is articulated with the lips forming a round narrowing, the back of the tongue being raised towards the soft palate. The sides of the tongue are raised and the air passage is open along the median line of the tongue. Tone prevails over noise as the air-passage is rather wide.
Don’t pronounce [v] or [у]

There is no counterpart in Russian.



[r]
Is articulated with the tongue tip raised towards the back part of the alveolar ridge, forming a rather wide air-passage, while the front of the tongue is to some extent depressed. Tone prevails over noise.


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