Theory of phonetics

- consonants [t], [d], [n], [s], [z] have apical articulation. There is no dorsal articulation at all. - forelingual sonorants [t], [d], [s], [z], [l], [n] have alveolar articulation - phonemes [S], [Z] are short. There are no long consonant phonemes in English. - the voiced noise consonants [b], [d], [g], [v], [D], [z], [Z], [G] may occur in word-final position and before voiceless consonants.

[п], [т], [к], [ф], [с], [ш], [ч] [б], [д], [г], [в], [з], [ж], - whereas the similar Russian consonants [п], [т], [к] are pronounced without aspiration. - whereas the similar Russian consonants have dorsal articulation. - whereas the similar Russian consonants [т], [д], [с], [з], [л], [н] have dental articulation. - whereas the similar Russian consonants [ш:´], [ж:´] are long. - whereas in Russian voiced noise consonants cannot occur in these positions and are replaced by the corresponding voiceless sounds.

Topics for discussion:

1. 
   Give the articulate characteristics of the English and Russian counterpart consonants.
   
2. 
   Give the quantitative characteristics of the English and Russian consonants.
   
3. 
   What should you do to avoid mispronouncing of the consonants?
   
4. 
   What is alike and what is different in the English and Russian consonantal articulation system?
   

Lecture VI. The System of English phonemes (vowels).
Key words:

1. intricately ['IntrIkqtlI] – запутанно, сложно; 2. conceive [kqn'sJv] – почувствовать, постигать, понимать; 3. a (vowel) glide – скольжение, проме- жуточный звук 4. commutability [kq"mjHtq'bIlItI] – за- меняемость, способность быть замененным; 5. checkness ['CeknIs] – сокращение усечение (звука); 6. subordinate [sq'bLdIneIt] – подчинять; 7. correlation ["kPrq'leISn] – взаимо- связь, соотношение; 8. concomitant [kqn'kPmItqnt] – со- путствующий;

9. jaw [L] - челюсть 10. lax [lxks] - ненапряженный, слабый 11. juncture ['GANkCq] – место соедине- ния 12. nucleus ['njHklIqs] – ядро дифтонга 13. vague [veIg] – расплывчатый, неясный 14. protrude [prq'trHd] – продвинуть вперед 15. omit [q'mIt] – опускать, (зд. не произносить) 16. alternation ["Lltq'neISn] – чередова- ние; 17. affect [q'fekt] – повлиять, отразиться (на), воздействовать; 18. reduction [rI'dAkSn] – сокращение, уменьшение.