To use (simple meaning)


Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive)


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Grammar

Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive)

I

He

She living



It had been working

They saving

We

You


  • Happening - It had been snowing all week.



  • Happening before - We had been playing golf before it

another event started to rain.


  • Happening +duration -They had been working on that project

for six months/since January

regularly

  • Happening +cause - She was tired because she had been

studying all night

  • Stative verbs - believe/know/understand/love/hate/

Like/dislike

I had been calling I had not been calling

I’d been calling I hadn’t been checking

You’d been writing you hadn’t been playing

We’d been cooking We hadn’t been talking

They’d been watching They hadn’t been going

He’d been studying He hadn’t been attending

She’d been reading She hadn’t been listening

Most verbs +ing help – helping

dream – dreaming

verbs ending in -e drop -e hire – hiring

make – making

verbs ending -ie change -ie to -y die – dying

tie – tying

verbs ending in c-v-c double last letter swim – swimming

control – controlling

Confusing situation

Tense John has been looking for a job.

John had been looking for a job (true)

Stative They had been knowing known each other for many years

Spelling she had’nt hadn’t been attending classes.

They had been chating chatting

Since or for The police had been looking for him since for two month
Future 1 {plans, intentions and predictions: present continuous; going to; will}


  1. Present continuous

We use the present continuous to talk about plans or definite arrangements for the future:

  • We’re staying in a small hotel. (we have made the arrangements)

Notice that time expressions are used or understood from the context in order to show that we are talking about the future (and not use present):

  • The manager is having a party just after we get back (time expression given)

  • We are playing four matches there (future time expression understood)

  1. Will

We use will

To make predictions, usually based on our opinions or our past experience:

  • I think it’ll be extremely hot there.

To talk about future events, we haven’t arranged yet:

  • We’ll probably stay in some sort of mountain lodge there.

To talk about future events or facts that are not personal:

  • The best player on the tour will get a special trophy.

  • The prime minister will open the debate in parliament tomorrow

We often use will to make offers, promises or suggestions:

  • Don’t worry, I’ll let everyone know. (a promise)


Future 2 {present simple; be about to; future continuous; future perfect}

  1. Present Simple

We use the present simple with a future meaning

To talk about timetables or schedules:

  • The conference only lasts three days.

  • The rain to the airport leaves in 20 minutes

After conjunctions such as when, as soon as, after, before, until, as long as:

  • I’ll be feeling really nervous when I get to Rome. (not when I will get to R)

Note that other present tenses are also possible:

  • I won’t be able to relax until I’m actually giving my talk

  1. Be about to

+ am/is /are to +verb I’m about to go to Rome

-am/is/are not about to + verb I’m not about to go to Rome

? am/is/are …+verb? Are you about to go to Rome

We use be about to talk about something likely to happen in the immediate future:


  • I’m about to go to Rome for a conference (I will be leaving very soon)

  1. Future

Future
Future Simple Future Continuous

Future Progressive

I will Start at 9:00



I will finish at 5:00 I will be working from 9-5 tomorrow

FC


Now 9am 5pm

I


You

We


they Will be Working

he


she

Continue for a period Over team will be attending a conference from march 8

Continue during a moment at 2:30, I will be taking my English exam

Continue together On Tuesday, Jack will be giving a presentation and Steve will be meeting a client

Polite questions Will you checking in early?

Time marker tomorrow/next week/ 9:00 on Friday/in summer
Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect

Action @ before a specific time in the future will be @ before another action in the future completed


Now next year



I

You


We

they will have finished university

He

She


It

Before By next July, they will have moved to the states, they will have

specific stated new jobs, and they will have bought a home

time
Before Before you arrive, we will have eaten dinner and the kids will have

another gone to bed

action
common before/by the time/ by 9:00/by Monday/ by next summer



Expressions

Some examples

  1. By the time he gets to the airport, the flight will have arrived

  2. Next August, we will have been married for 24 years,

  3. By 3:00, he will have given his presentation.

  4. By 9:00pm, we will have had dinner

  5. I won’t have finished work by 8:00pm

  6. They won’t have done their homework

  7. Will he have eaten by then? Taught


Future Perfect continuous progressive
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