Topic 1: Does increasing travels between countries enable people to learn different cultures or to

Topic 18: Do you agree that modern technology has given us more leisure time than before?
 
(the popularity of automobiles, air travel and rail) (spend less time commuting); (computerization and 
automation)
(rising wages), (higher demand on standards of living ), (able to afford recreational activities), (relax 
themselves in their spare time)
(continue education and receive on-the-job training) (keep pace with the fast development of technology)
(diversified),
(work beyond normal working hours), (have to work overtime due to time difference)
In the history of mankind, possibly no century witnessed more progress in technology than 
the 20th century did. People have become increasingly interested in assessing the correlation 
between technological development and leisure time. As far as I am concerned, people's leisure 
time has been shrinking as a result of the tremendous advance in modem technology.
Admittedly, thanks to modem technology, people can thus spend less time on compulsory 
activities (e. g. , working), but it should also be noted that other non-compulsory activities have 
come to consume a larger proportion of people's after-work life, such as education. If leisure 
refers to the time spent in non-compulsory activities, people's leisure time has in fact contracted. 
The growing concern on education has increased the likelihood that people are willing to give up 
their leisure lives for educational opportunities. Tills trend is attributed mainly to competition 
and fears of job loss, causing people to turn to on-the-job training and education for secured 
employment. Another incentive is the increasing flexibility of educational institutions. 
Worthwhile knowledge can be passed on from one generation of workers to another in different 
forms of education, such as televised teaching and online courses. It comes at the cost of their 
leisure time.
People's leisure lives are continuously eroded also because of ubiquity of modern 
technological tools (e. g. computers with Internet access and telecommunications equipment). It 
is noteworthy that people now take fewer and shorter vacations following the increase in the 
number of technology-based activities. For example, cell phones and laptops make people 
accessible to their superiors wherever they go and wherever they are. People are more stressed 
than any generation before. Meanwhile, people now have to engage in more everyday processes 
than ever before, such as shopping, food ordering, and so on. It seems that the time budget is 
burdened because more time should be invested in activities that were previously ignored or 
unnoticed.
While posing a threat on people's leisure lives, technologies might on other occasions, give 
workers more flexibility in controlling their work and more quality time after work. A traditional 
workweek has been cut, as the amount of manual work continues to decline because of 
automation. The availability of various means of transport has released working people from 
lengthy commutes. The line between work and private life is much more blurred, with many 
workers shopping, checking private emails and reading newspaper online even when working.
From what has been discussed, one understands that the development of technology has 
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tremendous impacts on people's daily lives, although the exact impacts are not conclusive. When 
the proliferation of new technologies, such as computers, allows people to manage their own 
working time and accommodate family needs and lifestyle choices, it has locked them in a 
struggle to cope with more tasks in daily lives.
1. Shrink=decline=diminish=contract 
2. Compulsory=required 
3. After-work life=personal life 
4. Pass on ... to=hand on=transfer
5. Ubiquity =prevalence
6. Commute =the journey between home and place of work
7. Proliferation=increase=mushrooming
8. Accommodate=give room for
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