Total phiSİcal response t p r (total physical response)

TOTAL PHİSİCAL RESPONSE

T P R (TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE)

• TPR is a method in language teaching which is based on the coordination of speech and action.
• It allows students to react to language without thinking too much.
• The students are required to carry out the instructions by physically performing the activities.

• TPR was developed by James Asher, who is a professor of psychology at San Jose State University in California.

What is the aim of this method?

• The aim is to teach language via
• physical(motor) activity.
• *Asher also pays attention to;
• Language teaching procedures
• +
• Developmental psychology
• Learning theory
• Humanistic pedagogy

James Asher thinks that;

• * Second language learning is
• parallel to first language learning.
• * Both of them have parallel processes.
• * Speech ► Commands
• * Commands ► Physical response
• * Physical response ► Verbal response

• **Gamelike movements and understandable linguistic production;
• ► reduce stress.
• ► create a positive mood in the learner.
• ► facilitate learning.

• ♦ Theory of language
• → A grammar based view of language
• → Verb ► In ımperative form
• ♦ Theory of language learning
• → A stimulus-response view

• *APPROACH*

• “TRACE
• THEORY”

Trace theory

• * More often or intensive memory connection
• ▼
• * Stronger memory association
• ▼
• * More likely it will be recalled

Three hypotheses that Asher suggests;

• *Bio-program
• *Brain Lateralization
• *Reduction of stress

The bio-program

• * Innate
• * First listening competence and then the ability to speak
• * Listening comprehension ► To respond physically to spoken language
• * Establishment of listening comprehension ► Speech evolves naturally and effortlessly.

• . Listening=> Accompanied by physical movement
• . Speech and other productive skills
• . Sequence= Listening before speaking
• . Mode= To synchronize language with the individual’s body.

Brain Lateralization

• * Jean Piaget
• * Asher says that TPR is directed to right brain learning while most second language teaching theories are directed to left brain learning.
• * Right-left-brain learning (different learning functions)
• - Right-brain activity ► Motor movement
• - Left-brain activity ► Watching and learning

Reduction of Stress

• Absence of stress ►An important condition for successful language learning
• Asher;
• ** Language acquisition: In a stress-free environment
• ** Adult language learning environment: Stress and anxiety
• . The lower the stress, the greater the learning.

Roles of learners

• * Primary roles : Listener and performer
• * Listening attentively
• * Responding physically
• To commands given by the teacher

• * Recognizing and responding to new combinations of previously taught items
• * Producing new combinations on their own
• * Monitoring and evaluating their own progress
• * Being encouraged to speak
• *Speaking when become ready

● No basic text

• ● No basic text
• ● For beginners;
• - Teacher’s voice
• - Actions
• - Gestures
• ● After a period of
• learning
• - Books, pens, cup, furniture

• MATERIALS

* Enjoyable and easy for teachers as well as students

• * Long-term retention (recollection-keep in mind)
• * Immediate comprehension of the target language
• * Stress-free
• * Facilitator in language learning
• * A helpful alternative teaching
• strategy

• STRENGTHS

REFERENCES

• * Richards,C. Jack & Rodgers,S.Theodore (2002) Cambridge University Press Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
• *http://www.sil.org/LinguaLinks/LanguageLearning/WaysToApproachLanguageLearning/TotalPhysicalResponse.htm
• * http://www.teacherjoe.us/TeachersTPR.html
• * http://www.onestopenglish.com/section.asp?docid=146503
• * http://coe.sdsu.edu/people/jmora/almmethods.htm#TPR
• * http://www.c-english.com/files/tpr.pdf
• *http://209.85.135.132/search?q=cache:G1lF__GfxQ4J:www.springinstitute.org/Files/tpr4.pdf+total+physical+response&cd=17&hl=tr&ct=clnk&gl=tr
• * http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/think/articles/total-physical-response-tpr
• * http://conference.nie.edu.sg/paper/new%20converted/ab00466.pdf
• * http://wiki.galbijim.com/Total_Physical_Response#Disadvantages
• * http://www.foreignlanguagesweb.com/teaching/methods/tpr.htm