- Established in 1899 - Free standing body (not affiliated with the UN) - Inspired by American diversive jurisdiction model - Provides services for the resolution of disputes between different countries, intergovernmental organizations, and private parties (treaty violations, boundary disputes, human rights, international investment, international trade) International Courts…continued International Criminal Court (“War Crimes Tribunal”) - Established in 1998 - Based in The Hague - Free standing body (not affiliated with the UN) - 123 members nations - 18 judges elected for 9 year terms by the nations who are Court members - Deals with: * genocide * crimes against humanity * war crimes - Established in the aftermath of the genocides in Yugoslavia and Rwanda and the temporary “War Crimes Tribunals” that were established. War crimes - Acts of violence against civilian populations or prisoners of war by military personnel in violation of the laws and customs of war, not justified by military necessity; Acts involving weapons or military methods of unusual cruelty or devastation. Violence is the nature of warfare, though it is generally recognized that violence should be limited to military personnel and military targets.
Crime Against Peace/Crimes of Aggression - Acts based on the distinction between offensive and defensive warfare. Offensive wars are illegal, but wars in defense of one’s country and sovereignty are considered legal.
Crime Against Humanity - Acts that violate concepts of natural law and natural rights of human beings as human beings.
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