Ubuntu Server Guide


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Google Cloud Engine
Google Cloud Platform lets you build and host applications and websites, store data, and analyze data on
Google’s scalable infrastructure.
Images
On GCE, Canonical produces standard server and minimal images for all supported releases.
Finding Images
Users can find the latest Ubuntu images on the GCE UI by selecting “Ubuntu” as the Operating System
under the Boot Disk settings.
For a programmatic method, users can use the gcloud command to find the latest, release images:
g c l o u d compute images l i s t −− f i l t e r ubuntu−os−c l o u d
Daily, untested, images are found under the ubuntu−os−cloud−devel project:
g c l o u d compute images −−p r o j e c t ubuntu−os−cloud −d e v e l l i s t −− f i l t e r ubuntu−os−
cloud −d e v e l
Image Locator
Canonical also produces a Ubuntu Cloud Image Finder where users can filter down based on a variety of
criteria (e.g. region, release, etc. ).
Generated on 2021-03-03 03:52:43
377

Document Outline

  • Ubuntu Server Guide
    • Improving the Documentation
    • PDFs and Previous Releases
    • Support
  • Basic installation
  • Preparing to Install
    • System requirements
    • Server and Desktop Differences
    • Backing Up
  • Preparing install media
  • Booting the installer
  • Using the installer
  • Advanced Installation
    • Software RAID
      • RAID Configuration
      • Partitioning
      • Degraded RAID
      • RAID Maintenance
      • Resources
    • Logical Volume Manager (LVM)
      • Overview
      • Installation
      • Extending Volume Groups
      • Resources
    • iSCSI
      • Installation on a diskless system
      • Installation on a system with disk attached
      • Installation with iBFT
      • Rebooting to an iSCSI target
  • Package Management
    • Introduction
    • Apt
    • Aptitude
      • Command Line Aptitude
    • dpkg
    • APT Configuration
      • Extra Repositories
    • Automatic Updates
    • Notifications
    • References
  • Kernel Crash Dump
    • Introduction
    • Kernel Crash Dump Mechanism
    • Installation
    • Configuration
      • Local Kernel Crash Dumps
      • Remote Kernel Crash Dumps using the SSH protocol
      • Remote Kernel Crash Dumps using the NFS protocol
    • Verification
    • Testing the Crash Dump Mechanism
    • Resources
  • Reporting Bugs in Ubuntu Server
    • Reporting Bugs With apport-cli
    • Reporting Application Crashes
    • Resources
  • Upgrading
    • do-release-upgrade
  • Device Mapper Multipathing - Introduction
    • Overview
    • Storage Array Overview
    • Multipath Components
    • Multipath Setup Overview
  • Multipath Devices
    • Multipath Device Identifiers
    • Consistent Multipath Device Names in a Cluster
    • Multipath Device attributes
    • Multipath Devices in Logical Volumes
  • Device Mapper Multipathing - Configuration
    • Configuration File Overview
    • Configuration File Defaults
    • Configuration File Blacklist & Exceptions
    • Configuration File Multipath Section
    • Configuration File Devices Section
  • Device Mapper Multipathing - Setup
    • Basic Setup
  • Device Mapper Multipathing - Usage & Debug
    • Resizing Online Multipath Devices
    • Moving root File System from a Single Path Device to a Multipath Device
    • The Multipath Daemon
    • Multipath Command Output
    • Multipath Queries with multipath Command
    • Determining Device Mapper Entries with dmsetup Command
    • Troubleshooting with the multipathd interactive console
  • Networking
  • TCP/IP
    • TCP/IP Introduction
    • TCP/IP Configuration
    • IP Routing
    • TCP and UDP
    • ICMP
    • Daemons
    • Resources
  • Network Configuration
    • Ethernet Interfaces
      • Identify Ethernet Interfaces
      • Ethernet Interface Logical Names
      • Ethernet Interface Settings
    • IP Addressing
      • Temporary IP Address Assignment
      • Dynamic IP Address Assignment (DHCP Client)
      • Static IP Address Assignment
      • Loopback Interface
    • Name Resolution
      • Static Hostnames
      • Name Service Switch Configuration
    • Bridging
    • networkd-dispatcher for pre-up, post-up, etc. hook scripts
    • Resources
  • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • References
  • Time Synchronization
    • Synchronizing your systems time
    • Configuring timedatectl and timesyncd
    • Serve the Network Time Protocol
    • chrony(d)
    • Installation
    • Chronyd Configuration
    • Serving the NTP Protocol
    • View status
    • PPS Support
      • Example configuration for GPSD to feed Chrony
    • References
  • Data Plane Development Kit
    • Prerequisites
    • Unassigning the default Kernel drivers
    • Usage:
    • DPDK Device configuration
    • DPDK HugePage configuration
    • Compile DPDK Applications
    • DPDK in KVM Guests
    • Use DPDK
    • Resources
    • OpenVswitch-DPDK
      • Attaching DPDK ports to OpenVswitch
    • OpenVswitch DPDK to KVM Guests
    • Tuning Openvswitch-DPDK
    • Support and Troubleshooting
    • Resources
  • Security
  • User Management
    • Where is root?
    • Adding and Deleting Users
    • User Profile Security
    • Password Policy
      • Minimum Password Length
      • Password Expiration
    • Other Security Considerations
      • SSH Access by Disabled Users
      • External User Database Authentication
  • AppArmor
    • Using AppArmor
    • Profiles
      • Creating a Profile
      • Updating Profiles
      • Further pre-existing Profiles
    • Checking and debugging denies
    • Profile customization
    • References
  • Firewall
    • Introduction
    • ufw - Uncomplicated Firewall
      • ufw Application Integration
    • IP Masquerading
    • Logs
    • Other Tools
    • References
  • Certificates
    • Types of Certificates
    • Generating a Certificate Signing Request (CSR)
    • Creating a Self-Signed Certificate
    • Installing the Certificate
    • Certification Authority
    • References
  • Console Security
    • Disable Ctrl+Alt+Delete
  • eCryptfs is deprecated
  • Usage
    • Find available images
    • Launch a fresh instance of the current Ubuntu LTS
    • Check out the running instances
    • Learn more about the VM instance you just launched
    • Connect to a running instance
    • Run commands inside an instance from outside
    • Stop an instance to save resources
    • Delete the instance
    • Integrate into the rest of your virtualization
    • Get help
  • Qemu
    • Running Qemu/KVM
    • Graphics
    • Upgrading the machine type
    • QEMU usage for microvms
  • libvirt
    • Virtual Networking
    • Installation
    • Virtual Machine Management
    • virsh
      • system and session scope
    • Migration
    • Device Passthrough / Hotplug
    • Access Qemu Monitor via libvirt
    • Huge Pages
      • Huge page allocation
      • Huge page usage in libvirt
    • Apparmor isolation
    • Resources
  • Cloud images and uvtool
    • Introduction
    • Creating virtual machines using uvtool
      • Uvtool packages
      • Get the Ubuntu Cloud Image with uvt-simplestreams-libvirt
      • Create the VM using uvt-kvm
      • Connect to the running VM
      • Get the list of running VMs
      • Destroy your VM
      • More uvt-kvm options
    • Resources
    • Introduction
    • Virtual Machine Manager
    • Virtual Machine Viewer
    • virt-install
    • virt-clone
    • Resources
  • LXD
    • Online Resources
    • Installation
    • Kernel preparation
    • Configuration
    • Creating your first container
      • Creating a container
    • LXD Server Configuration
      • Authentication
      • Backing store
    • Container configuration
    • Profiles
    • Nesting
    • Limits
    • UID mappings and Privileged containers
    • Apparmor
    • Seccomp
    • Raw LXC configuration
      • Snapshots
      • Publishing images
      • Image export and import
    • Troubleshooting
  • LXC
    • Installation
    • Basic usage
      • Basic privileged usage
      • User namespaces
      • Basic unprivileged usage
      • Nesting
    • Global configuration
    • Networking
    • LXC startup
    • Backing Stores
    • Templates
    • Autostart
    • Apparmor
      • Customizing container policies
    • Control Groups
    • Cloning
      • Snapshots
      • Ephemeral Containers
    • Lifecycle management hooks
    • Consoles
    • Troubleshooting
      • Logging
      • Monitoring container status
      • Attach
      • Container init verbosity
    • LXC API
    • Security
      • Exploitable system calls
    • Resources
  • Databases
  • MySQL
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Database Engines
    • Advanced configuration
      • Creating a tuned configuration
      • MySQL Tuner
    • Resources
  • PostgreSQL
    • Installation
    • Configuration
      • Streaming Replication
    • Backups
    • Resources
  • Active Directory Integration
    • Accessing a Samba Share
    • Accessing a Windows Share
    • Resources
  • As a Domain Controller
    • Primary Domain Controller
    • Backup Domain Controller
    • Resources
  • File Server
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Resources
  • Samba
  • Introduction
  • Print Server
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Resources
  • Securing File and Print Server
    • Samba Security Modes
    • Security = User
    • Share Security
      • Groups
      • File Permissions
    • Samba AppArmor Profile
    • Resources
  • Samba - OpenLDAP Backend
    • Software Installation
    • LDAP Configuration
      • Samba schema
      • Samba indices
      • Adding Samba LDAP objects
    • Samba Configuration
    • Resources
  • CUPS - Print Server
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Web Interface
    • References
  • Domain Name Service (DNS)
  • Installation
  • Configuration
    • Overview
    • Caching Nameserver
      • Forward Zone File
      • Reverse Zone File
    • Secondary Server
  • Troubleshooting
    • Testing
      • resolv.conf
      • ping
      • named-checkzone
      • Quick temporary query logging
    • Logging
  • References
  • FTP Server
    • vsftpd - FTP Server Installation
    • Anonymous FTP Configuration
    • User Authenticated FTP Configuration
    • Securing FTP
    • References
  • iSCSI Initiator (or Client)
    • Network Interfaces Configuration
    • iSCSI Initiator Install
    • iSCSI Initiator Configuration
    • iSCSI Network Configuration
    • Accessing the Logical Units (or LUNs)
    • References
  • Kerberos
    • Overview
    • Kerberos Server
      • Installation
      • Configuration
    • Secondary KDC
    • Kerberos Linux Client
      • Installation
      • Configuration
    • Resources
  • Kerberos and LDAP
    • Configuring OpenLDAP
    • Primary KDC Configuration (LDAP)
    • Secondary KDC Configuration (LDAP)
    • Resources
  • OpenLDAP Server
    • Post-install Inspection
    • Modifying/Populating your Database
      • Adding an index
      • Change the rootDN password:
      • Adding a schema
      • Logging
    • Backup and Restore
    • References
  • OpenLDAP Replication
    • Provider Configuration - replication user
    • Provider Configuration - standard replication
    • Consumer Configuration - standard replication
    • Provider Configuration - delta replication
      • Add syncprov and accesslog overlays and DBs
    • Consumer Configuration
    • Testing
    • References
    • LDAP Workstation Authentication
    • User and Group Management - ldapscripts
    • Resources
    • LDAP & TLS
  • Network File System (NFS)
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • NFS Client Configuration
    • References
  • OpenSSH Server
    • Introduction
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • SSH Keys
    • Import keys from public keyservers
    • Two factor authentication with U2F/FIDO
    • References
  • VPN
  • OpenVPN
    • Server Installation
    • Public Key Infrastructure Setup
      • Certificate Authority Setup
      • Server Keys and Certificates
      • Client Certificates
    • Simple Server Configuration
    • Simple Client Configuration
    • First trouble shooting
    • Advanced configuration
      • Advanced routed VPN configuration on server
      • Advanced bridged VPN configuration on server
    • References
    • Installing a gitolite server
    • Gitolite configuration
    • Managing gitolite users and repositories
    • Using your server
  • References
    • Client software implementations
      • Linux Network-Manager GUI for OpenVPN
      • OpenVPN with GUI for Mac OS X
      • OpenVPN with GUI for Win
    • References
  • SSSD
    • SSSD and Active Directory
      • Prerequisites, Assumptions, and Requirements
      • Software Installation
      • Join the domain
      • SSSD Configuration
      • Automatic home directory creation
      • Checks
      • Kerberos Tickets
      • Desktop Ubuntu Authentication
      • Resources
    • SSSD and LDAP
      • Prerequisites, Assumptions, and Requirements
      • Software Installation
      • SSSD Configuration
      • Automatic home directory creation
      • Check SSL setup on the client
      • Final verification
    • SSSD, LDAP and Kerberos
      • Prerequisites, Assumptions, and Requirements
      • Software Installation
      • SSSD Configuration
      • Automatic home directory creation
      • Final verification
    • SSSD and KDC spoofing
    • Debugging and troubleshooting
      • debug_level
      • Caching
  • Dovecot Server
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Dovecot SSL Configuration
    • Firewall Configuration for an Email Server
    • References
  • Exim4
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • SMTP Authentication
    • Configuring SASL
    • References
  • Email Services
  • Postfix
    • Installation
    • Basic Configuration
    • SMTP Authentication
    • Configuring SASL
    • Testing
    • Troubleshooting
      • Escaping chroot
      • SMTPS
      • Log Viewing
      • Increasing Logging Detail
      • Logging mail delivery
      • Increasing daemon verbosity
      • Logging SASL debug info
  • Squid
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • References
  • HTTPD - Apache2 Web Server
    • Installation
    • Configuration
      • Basic Settings
      • Default Settings
      • apache2 Settings
      • Apache2 Modules
    • HTTPS Configuration
    • Sharing Write Permission
    • References
  • Web Servers
    • Implementation
  • Introduction to High Availability
    • High Availability Clusters
    • High Availability Cluster Heartbeat
    • High Availability Cluster Quorum
    • Example
    • Fencing
  • Linux High Availability Projects
    • Ubuntu HA Core Packages
    • Ubuntu HA Community Packages
    • Ubuntu HA Deprecated Packages
    • Ubuntu HA Related Packages
    • Upstream Documentation
  • Ubuntu HA - Pacemaker Resource Agents Supportability
    • Resource Agents: [main]
  • Resource Agents: [universe]
  • Resource Agents: [universe]-community
  • Resource Agents: [non-supported]
  • Resource Agents: [deprecated]
  • Ubuntu HA - Pacemaker Fence Agents Supportability
    • Fence Agents: [main]
  • Fence Agents: [universe]
  • Fence Agents: [universe]-community
  • Fence Agents: [non-supported]
  • Fence Agents: [deprecated]
  • Ubuntu HA - DRBD
    • Configuration
    • Testing
    • References
  • Byobu
    • Resources
  • etckeeper
    • Resources
  • Munin
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Additional Plugins
    • References
  • Nagios
    • Installation
    • Configuration Overview
    • Configuration
    • References
  • pam_motd
    • Resources
  • Puppet
    • Preconfiguration
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Resources
  • Monitoring
  • Overview
  • Nagios
    • Installation
    • Configuration Overview
    • Configuration
    • References
  • Munin
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Additional Plugins
    • References
  • Rsnapshot
    • Configuration
    • Test Configuration
    • Scheduling Backups
      • References
  • PHP - Scripting Language
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Testing
    • References
  • Ruby on Rails
    • Installation
    • Configuration
      • Web Server
      • Database
    • References
  • Backups
  • Archive Rotation
    • Rotating NFS Archives
    • Tape Drives
  • Bacula
    • Overview
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Localhost Backup
    • Resources
  • Shell Scripts
    • Simple Shell Script
    • Executing the Script
      • Executing from a Terminal
      • Executing with cron
    • Restoring from the Archive
    • References
  • LAMP Applications
  • Overview
  • phpMyAdmin
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • References
  • WordPress
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • References
  • Using the installer
    • Getting the installer
    • Installer UI generalities
    • Running the installer over serial
    • Help menu
    • Switching to a shell prompt
    • Global keys
  • Using the installer step by step
    • Language selection
    • Refresh
    • Keyboard
    • Zdev (s390x only)
    • Network
    • Proxy
    • Mirror
    • Storage
    • Identity
    • SSH
    • Snaps
    • Installation logs
  • Configuring storage in the server installer
    • Guided options
    • The main storage screen
    • Partitions
    • RAID
    • LVM
    • Selecting boot devices
    • Limitations and workarounds
  • Automated Server Installs
  • Introduction
  • Differences from debian-installer preseeding
  • Providing the autoinstall config
  • Running a truly automatic autoinstall
  • Quick start
  • Creating an autoinstall config
  • The structure of an autoinstall config
  • Error handling
  • Possible future directions
  • Autoinstall Quick Start
    • Providing the autoinstall data over the network
      • Download the ISO
      • Mount the ISO
      • Write your autoinstall config
      • Serve the cloud-init config over http
      • Create a target disk
      • Run the install!
      • Boot the installed system
    • Using another volume to provide the autoinstall config
      • Download the live-server ISO
      • Create your user-data & meta-data files
      • Create an ISO to use as a cloud-init data source
      • Create a target disk
      • Run the install!
      • Boot the installed system
  • JSON Schema for autoinstall config
    • Introduction
    • How the config is validated
    • Schema
    • Regeneration
  • Automated Server Installs Config File Reference
  • Overall format
  • Schema
  • Top-level keys
    • update
    • channel
    • layout
    • variant
    • toggle
    • Supported layouts
    • action-based config
    • realname
    • username
    • hostname
    • password
    • install-server
    • authorized-keys
    • allow-pw
  • Netbooting the server installer on amd64
    • Configuring DHCP/bootp and tftp
    • Serving the bootloaders and configuration.
      • Mode independent set up
      • Setting up the files for UEFI booting
      • Setting up the files for legacy boot
  • Netbooting the Live Server Installer via UEFI PXE on Arm (aarch64, arm64) and x86_64 (amd64)
  • Configuring TFTP
  • Serving Files
    • Necessary Files
    • Examples
    • Download and Serve Grub EFI Binary
    • Download and Serve More Files
  • Appendix
    • Always Make Sure of the Serving File Names
    • Booting Screenshots
  • Eventually the initial subiquity installer screen shows up:
  • Cloud Images
    • Public Clouds
      • Compute Offerings
      • Container Offerings
    • Private Clouds
    • Release Support
  • Amazon EC2
    • Images
      • Find Images with SSM
      • Image Locator
  • AWS EKS
  • AWS Marketplace
  • Google Cloud Engine
    • Images
      • Finding Images
      • Image Locator

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