Udmurt state university

Contemporary children's folklore

1. 
   Features of modern children's folklore
   

Modern children's folklore is now represented by a very wide range of genres. The oral repertoire contains both works of historically established genres of oral folk art (lullabies, songs, nursery rhymes , chants , sentences, etc.), as well as texts of later origin (horror stories, anecdotes, “sadistic rhymes”, alterations-parodies, “ calling”, etc.). However, the degree of prevalence of one or another genre is different. [ 5 ].
Traditionally studied by folklorists, actively promoted by official culture, historically established genres in the oral repertoire are on the verge of extinction. This is especially true of such a classic variety of oral folk art as lullabies. Unfortunately, now we have to state a significant, almost complete loss of this folklore tradition. The changed conditions of life, upbringing, even the very customs of rocking a child are the reasons for the oblivion of old lullabies. At the same time, despite this, a certain need for the genre remains. Such a genre of traditional playful children's folklore as drawing lots is almost completely dying out. If necessary, without offense to divide into two teams, children prefer to use the related genre of counting rhyme, sometimes repeating the same text indefinitely or picking up new ones. The most popular rhyme of the last decade is a modernized version of the old text “The king, prince, king, prince sat on the golden porch ...” In the modern version of this work, Disney cartoon characters appear:
Sat on the golden porch
Mickey Mouse, Tom and Jerry,
Uncle Scrooge and three ducklings
Ponka will drive !
This penetration of new images into traditional genres and texts is also characteristic of other varieties of children's folklore, which actively absorbs everything new that meets the interests of the modern child. So, in the period of the appearance of the first television series in various genres of children's folklore, the slave Izaura , “just Maria”, the heroes of “Santa Barbara” “get a residence permit”. For example, a riddle appears: “Lip to the floor, playing polo” (Jose Ignacio is the hero of the TV series “Just Maria”). But a few years pass, the number of television series is rapidly increasing. Now there are no longer those that the whole country watches, and, accordingly, they are losing their influence on the mass consciousness, gradually washing out of children's folklore. This is another feature of the most recent oral children's repertoire.
incantations and sentences remains almost unchanged in terms of text . The most popular are still appeals to rain (“Rain, rain, stop ...”), to the sun (“Sun, sun, look out the window ...”), to a ladybug and a snail. The half-belief traditional for these works is preserved in combination with the playful beginning. At the same time, the frequency of use of incantations and sentences by modern children is decreasing, there are practically no new texts, which also allows us to talk about the regression of the genre.
Riddles and teasers turned out to be more viable. Remaining popular among children, they exist both in traditional forms (“I went underground, I found the little red cap ”, “Lenka-foam”), and in new versions and varieties (“In winter and summer in one color” - dollar , soldier, dining room menu, alcoholic's nose, etc.). Still popular are pseudo-erotic riddles, which peaked in the 80s of the XX century . “What are you looking at me for? Undress, I'm yours! (bed). Such an unusual variety of the genre as riddles with drawings is rapidly developing. Folklore records of recent years contain a fairly large block of ditties. Gradually dying out in the adult repertoire, this type of oral folk art is rather readily picked up by children (this happened at one time with works of calendar folklore). Ditty texts heard from adults are usually not sung, but recited or chanted in communication with peers. Sometimes they “adapt” to the age of the performers, for example:
Girls hate me
They say that he is small in stature ,
And I'm in the kindergarten Irinka
Kissed me ten times.
Almost completely disappear from oral use such historically established genres as pestles , nursery rhymes , jokes, etc. Firmly fixed in textbooks, manuals and anthologies, they have now become part of the book culture and are actively used by teachers, educators, are included in the programs as a source of folk wisdom, filtered for centuries, as a sure means of developing and educating a child. But modern parents and children in oral practice use them very rarely, and if they reproduce, then as works familiar from books, and not transmitted by word of mouth, which, as you know, is one of the main distinguishing features of folklore.
Modern genres of children's folklore, which only relatively recently became the object of collection and study, are now at a different stage of development.

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