Ukrainian Journal of Food Science
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- ABSTRACT Keywords: Stabilization Microbial cells Bacteria Pasteurization Concentration Article history
- Fig. 2. Dependencies temperature pasteurization at cutting beverages within 1 minute
- Volodymуr Nosenko National University of food technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine ABSTRACT Keywords
Conclusions Being the most desirable feature for the consumer the emulsion and foam stability significantly influences on the product quality. Up to now, both proteins and polysaccharides are in a scope of interest of the dispersion science. Proteins being an indispensable component of all processed foods have proved to be effective functionally, providing the necessary stability and rheological properties to the final food products, because of their naturally amphiphilic nature and surface active. The combined presence of proteins and polysaccharides strongly increases the emulsion and foam stability. The conditions and treatments of formation of multicomponent foam and emulsion which are stabilized by protein-polysaccharide complexes, should be more investigated. References 1. Christina Stave, Marianne Törner. 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Остроумова, В. Г. Будрик Производство взбитых молочных продуктов / Переработка молока – 2007 – №6 – С. 54-55. 7. D. J. McClements, E. A. Decker, J.Weiss. Emulsion-based delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive components / Journal of Food Science – 2007 – Vol. 72(8) – P. 109-124. 8. McClements, D. J. Food emulsion: Principles, practice and techniques (2nd ed) / D. J. McClements. – :CRC Press In, 2005 – 609 p. 9. Friberg S. E. Food Emulsions / S. E. Friberg, K. Larsson, J. Sjöblom. – New York, USA Marcel Dekker, 2004 – 640 p. 10. Остроумова Т. Л. Закономерности структурообразования дисперсной системы / Т. Л. Остроумова, С. Е. Димитриева, А. Ю. Просеков, Е. В. Строева // Хранение и переработка сельхозсырья – 2006 – №7 – С. 19-21. ─── Food Technology ─── ─── Ukrainian Journal of Food Science. 2013. Volume 1. Issue 1 ─── 48 11. Kulmyrzaev A. Influence of pH and CaCl2 on the stability of dilute whey protein stabilized emulsions / A. Kulmyrzaev, R. Chanamai, D. J. McClements // Food Research International – 2000 – Vol. 33 (1) – P. 15-20. 12. Ye A. Influence of polysaccharides on the rate of coalescence in oil-in-water emulsions formed with highly hydrolysed whey proteins / A. Ye, Y. Hemar, H. Singh // Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry – 2004 – Vol. 52 (17) – P. 5491-5498. 13. Ye A. Heat stability of oil-in-water emulsions formed with intact or hydrolysed whey proteins: influence of polysaccharides / A. Ye, H. Singh // Food Hydrocolloids – 2006 – Vol. 20 (2-3) – P. 269-276. 14. Dickinson E. Stability and rheology of emulsions containing sodium caseinate: combined effects of ionic calcium and non-ionic surfactant / E. Dickinson, S. J. Radford, M. Golding // Food Hydrocolloids – 2003 – Vol. 17 (2) – P. 211-220. 15. Dickinson E. Milk protein interfacial layers and the relationship to emulsion stability and rheology / E. Dickinson // Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces – 2001 – Vol. 20 (3) – P. 197-210. 16. Dickinson E. Interfacial structure and stability of food emulsions as affected by protein-polysaccharide interactions / E. Dickinson // Soft Matter – 2008 – Vol. 4 (5) – P. 932- 942. 17. Benichou A. Protein-polysaccharide interactions for stabilization of food emulsions / A. Benichou, A. Aserin, N. Garti // Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology – 2002 – Vol. 25(1-3) – P. 93-123. 18. Murray B. S. Stabilization of bubbles and foams / B. S. Murray // Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science – 2007 – Vol. 12(4-5) – P. 232-241. 19. Dickinson E. Hydrocolloids at interfaces and the influence on the properties of dispersed systems / E. Dickinson // Food Hydrocolloids – 2003 – Vol. 17(1) – P. 25-39. 20. Dickinson E. Structure formation in casein-based gels, foams, and emulsions / E. Dickinson // Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects – 2006 – Vol. 255(1-3) – P. 3-11. 21. Huang X. Hydrocolloids in emulsions: particle size distribution and interfacial activity / X. Huang, Y. Kakuda, W. Cui // Food Hydrocolloids – 2001 – Vol. 15 (4-6) – P. 533- 542. 22. Walstra P. Physical Chemistry of Food / P. Walstra – New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc, 2003 – 807p. 23. Dalgleish D. G. Food emulsions – their structures and structure-forming properties / D. G. Dalgleish // Food Hydrocolloids – 2006 – Vol. 20 (4) – P. 415-422. 24. Справочник по производству мороженого / [Оленев Ю.А., Творогова А.А., Казакова Н.В., Соловьева Л.Н.]. – М.: ДеЛи принт, 2004. – 798 с. 25. Murray B. S. Foam stability: proteins and nanoparticles / B. S. Murray, R. Ettellaie // Current Opinion in Colloid & interface Science – 2004 – Vol. 9(5) – P. 314-320. 26. Von Klitzing R. Film stability control / R. von Klitzing, H. J. Muller. // Current Opinion in Colloids and Interface Science – 2002 – Vol. 16 (7) – P.42-49 27. Baeza I. Interactions of polysaccharides with β-lactoglobulin adsorbed films at the air-water interface / I. Baeza, C. Carrera Sanchez, A. M. R. Pilosof, J. M. Rodriguez Patino // Food Hydrocolloids – 2005 – Vol. 19 (2) – P. 239–248. 28. Ennis M. P. Milk proteins / M. P. Ennis, D. M. Mulvihill // In: G. O. Phillips, & P. A Williams, Handbook of Hydrocolloids – Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2000 – P. 189-217. ─── Food Technology ─── ─── Ukrainian Journal of Food Science. 2013. Volume 1. Issue 1 ─── 49 29. Baeza I. Interactions of polysaccharides with b-lactoglobulin spread monolayers at the air-water interface / I. Baeza, C. Carrera Sanchez, A. M. R. Pilosof, J. M. Rodriguez Patino // Food Hydrocolloids – 2004 – Vol. 18 (6) – P. 959-966. 30. Doublier J. L. (2000). Protein– polysaccharide interactions / J. L. Doublier, C. Garnier, D. Renard, C. Sanchez // Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science – 2000 – Vol. 5 (3-4) – P. 202–214. 31. Rouimi S. Foam stability and interfacial properties of milk protein–surfactant systems / S. Rouimi, C. Schorsch, C. Valentini, S. Vaslin // Food Hydrocolloids – 2005 – Vol. 19(3) – P. 467-478. 32. Abascal D. M. Surface tension and foam stability of commercial calcium and sodium caseinates / D. M. Abascal, J. G. Fadrique // Food Hydrocolloids – 2009 – Vol. 23(7) – P.1848-1852. 33. Martin A. H. Network forming properties of various proteins adsorbed at the air/water interface in relation to foam stability / A. H Martin, K. Grolle, M. A. Bos and other // Journal of Colloid and interface Science – 2002 – Vol. 254(1) – P. 175-183. 34. Britten M. Emulsifying properties of whey protein and casein composite blends / M. Britten, H. J. Giroux // Journal of Dairy Science – 1991 – Vol. 74(10) – P. 3318-3325. 35. Bezelgues J. B. Interfacial and foaming properties of some food grade low molecular weight surfactants / J.-B. Bezelgues, S. Serieye, L. Crosset-Perrotin, M. E. Leser // Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects – 2008 – Vol. 331(1–2) – P. 56-62. 36. Euston S. R. Aggregation kinetics of heated whey protein-stabilized emulsions / S. R. Euston, S. R. Finnigan, R. L. Hirst // Food Hydrocolloids – 2000 – Vol. 14 (2) – P. 155-161. 37. Singh A. M. The emulsifying properties of hydrolyzates of whey proteins / A M. Singh, D.G. Dalgleish // Journal of Dairy Science – 1998 – Vol. 81(4) – P. 918-924. 38. Chanamai R. Comparison of gum Arabic, modified starch and whey protein isolate as emulsifiers: Influence of pH, CaCl2 and temperature / R. Chanamai, D. J. McClements // Journal of Food Science – 2002 – Vol. 67(1) – P. 120-125. 39. Miquelim J. N. pH Influence on the stability of foams with protein–polysaccharide complexes at their interfaces / J. N. Miquelim, S. C. S. Lannes, R. Mezzenga // Food Hydrocolloids – 2010 – Vol. 24 (4) – P. 398-405. 40. Chanamai R. Depletion flocculation of beverage emulsions by gum arabic and modified starch / R. Chanamai, D. J. McClements // Journal of Food Science – 2001 – Vol. 66 (3) – P. 457-463. 41. Herceg Z. Effect of carbohydrates on the emulsifying, foaming and freezing properties of whey protein suspensions / Z. Herceg, A. Režek, V. Lelas and other // Journal of Food Engineering – 2007 – Vol. 79 (1) – P. 279-286. ─── Food Technology ─── ─── Ukrainian Journal of Food Science. 2013. Volume 1. Issue 1 ─── 50 Assessment of prospects using the latest technology stabilization of beverage Volodimir Piddubniy, Mykola Sova, Oleksandr Shevchenko National University of food technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine ABSTRACT Keywords: Stabilization Microbial cells Bacteria Pasteurization Concentration Article history: Reсeived 20.11.2012 Reсeived in revised form 26.12.2012 Accepted 22.02.2013 Corresponding author: Oleksandr Shevchenko E-mail: tmipt@ukr.net The article presents information related to microbiological stabilization of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, including high energy value from raw materials of plant origin due to the choice of parameters and modes of heat treatment. An analysis of the possible varieties of microflora in beverages and provides information on the selection of pasteryzatsiynyh units for its inactivation. Analyzed the relationship between osmotic pressure, pH environment and the content of carbon dioxide in beverages and their impact on the stabilization of beverages. These schemes the terms sustainability carbonated and non- carbonated drinks in the absence of these chemical preservatives. Ensuring the quality of Ukraine's population drinks, berry, fruit and vegetable juices require further development as a source of raw materials and processing technologies incoming material flows. An important part of production processes is to ensure microbiological purity products, or at least create a bacteriostatic environment [1-3]. Obviously, the requirement of 100 percent level guarantees aseptic condition significantly narrows the choice of methods of the latter. In this choice recently in Ukraine palm belonged thermal processing methods of products at pasteurization and sterilization. However, in the last decade rapidly growing use of chemical preservatives, including uncontrolled, creating another environmental problem. Assessment of prospects for technologies that have a different basis to ensure stabilization of quality indicators drinks and juices is the purpose of this study. Beverage industry higher energy value from raw materials of plant origin continues to grow, requiring revision for these microbiological requirements. Usually in these drinks no pathogenic microflora and bacteria resistant. Experience points to the possibility of the emergence and development of these acidophilic or acid-fast bacteria (Fig. 1). In this regard, drinks, saturated with carbon dioxide may produce no heat treatment provided microbiological purity blending and packaging equipment. However, the desire to "nationalize" products based on cherries, grapes, red berries and so leads to the fact that pH 3,7 and carbon dioxide content of 6 g / l did not provide microbial protection, as is the case in orange drinks. There have been indications that this is a consequence of the ingestion of drinks lactic bacteria (Lactobacillus perolens) for packaging [3]. High level of risk associated with ─── Food Technology ─── ─── Ukrainian Journal of Food Science. 2013. Volume 1. Issue 1 ─── 51 high malic acid under the influence of lactic acid bacteria is converted into lactic. The result of these changes is to increase the pH or at least stabilization of the latter. Fig. 1. Scheme on varieties of microorganisms in beverages The desire to increase the biological value of drinks leads to the use of insoluble additives as ballast substances, flour from grain or fruit cells. Around these substances can be created "alkaline island" in the micro environment of germinating endospores of bacilli and kostrydiy, which will result in total damage output even with accurate exposure modes of heat pasteurization. In these "alkali islands" also can develop pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylokokken, Enterokokken) and thus offset the effects of such selective factor, which is the pH. The only solution in such cases is still increasing number sterilized units, the determination of which is necessary to take into account the types of microorganisms (Fig. 2). Among the influential factors to yield beyond regulated mikrobiological standards are upgraded to 0.1 - 0.2 mg per liter of zinc content. In lemonade and mixed drinks over time has marked the rapid growth of yeast cells. However, the drinks limited presence of zinc content of yeast cells is not shown. Named standart should be considered when designing new mixed drinks, and fortified with nutrients and growth substances "multi beverages" or other special drinks. It is known that an important factor in staying microorganisms in bacteriostatic state is osmotic pressure environments. If concentrates (base) subject to pasteurization or drinks of various temperatures, the result of condensation on the surface of water vapor formed local area with low concentration of solids and limited osmotic pressure. This creates the conditions for a rapid exponential multiplication of microorganisms and increase their concentration to levels at Т, 0 С 4,5 5,0 5,5 6,0 6,5 7,0 7,5 The pH in the drink Endospores of bacilli and clostridia 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 Clostridium acetobutylicum Bacillus coagulans Heat resistant bacteria Acid Enterobacteriaceen Fig. 2. Dependencies temperature pasteurization at cutting beverages within 1 minute ─── Food Technology ─── ─── Ukrainian Journal of Food Science. 2013. Volume 1. Issue 1 ─── 52 which products become unfit for further use. In this regard, regulated microbiological standards not canned bases (Table 1). Table 1. Microbiological standards for non-canned bases Total cell max 100 in 1 g Yeast max 5 in 10g Disputes filamentous fungi max 5 in 10g Lactic acid bacteria max 5 in 1 g Acetic bacteria max 5 in 1 g E. Owl and bacteria Escherichia stick absent in 10g Disputes bacteria max 10 in 1 g Effect of dissolved carbon dioxide in beverages has a dual character. Firstly it affects the pH, and secondly its effect is caused by increasing the osmotic pressure of solutions. For non- carbonated beverages without preservatives are necessary sterilized processing, the parameters of which are shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3. Scheme to the terms of the sustainability of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages High demands from the standpoint of Microbiology take place for reasons that are used in the manufacture of yoghurt. A sample of the parameters of some of them: Banana-apple basis - 19o Brix, 2.6% acid, pH 3.4; multifruit carrot basis - 36o Brix, 2.6% acid, pH 3.4; orange-apple-strawberry basis - 33o Brix, 1.7% acid, pH 3.7. Basics due to the high possibility of infection should packing aseptically and 100 g must be neither yeast or lactic acid and acetic acid bacteria. At 10 g should not be present disputes filamentous fungi. The total number of cells should not exceed 1 in 20 h, and the contents of spores of bacteria should be 10 / h. Under such conditions the resistance is 2-3 months at a temperature of 5-10 °C or 4-6 weeks at a temperature of 10-20 oC. Combining a mixture of ─── Food Technology ─── ─── Ukrainian Journal of Food Science. 2013. Volume 1. Issue 1 ─── 53 fruit and dairy products difficult situation microbiological and temperature pasteurization bases and finished beverages should exceed 85 oC. Although pH <4.0 should ensure microbiological stability, but significant presence in beverages particles of fruit is accompanied by the formation of "alkaline island" with all their consequences. Thanks to the latter, included with dairy products clostridia spores and spore-forming bacteria survive in parameters pasteurization. Conclusions The information and analysis of the literature can note the following. 1. Refusal to use chemical preservatives in conjunction with the development of new fruit and berry foundations meet contemporary needs of society. The latter is particularly relevant with regard to baby food. 2. Select the number of units sterilized by heat treatment should be carried out with the minimum possible while maintaining aseptic packaging equipment. References 1. Domaretskyy V.A. Prybylskyy V.L., Mikhailov M.G. Technology extracts, concentrates and beverage from herbal / Vinnitsa. A new book, 2005. - 408 p. 2. Sokolenko A., Costin VB, Vasilkovsky KV and others. Physico-chemical methods of processing raw materials and food / K. Artek, 2009. - 306 p. 3. Werner Buck, Freising Weihenstephan. Podverzhennost of new beverages ynfytsyrovanyyu - predotvraschenye microbiological problems / BRAUWELT - Peace of beer, № 4, 2001. - P. 24-28. 4. Elham Rezvani, Gerhard Schleining, Ali R. Taherian Assessment of physical and mechanical properties of orange oil-in-water beverage emulsions using response surface methodology / LWT - Food Science and Technology, Volume 48, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 82-88 5. Ali R. Taherian, Patrick Fustier, Hosahalli S. Ramaswamy. Effect of added oil and modified starch on rheological properties, droplet size distribution, opacity and stability of beverage cloud emulsions / Journal of Food Engineering, Volume 77, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 687-696 6. Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi, Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Manouchehr Hamedi, Mehran Ghasemlou Response surface modeling for optimization of formulation variables and physical stability assessment of walnut oil-in-water beverage emulsions Food Hydrocolloids, Volume 26, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 293-301 7. Giovanni Spagna, Pier Giorgio Pifferi, Maurilio Tramontini Immobilization and stabilization of pectinlyase on synthetic polymers for application in the beverage industry / Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, Volume 101, Issue 1, 29 July 1995, Pages 99-105 ─── Food Technology ─── ─── Ukrainian Journal of Food Science. 2013. Volume 1. Issue 1 ─── 54 Refinement of the physical and chemical methods for the determination of sugars Elena Deriy, Svitlana Litvynchuk, Anatoliy Meletev, Volodymуr Nosenko National University of food technologies, Kyiv, Ukraine ABSTRACT Keywords: Sugars Fermentable sugars Determination Express-analysis Download 3.98 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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