Unit 12 racial classification* Contents
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157 UNIT 12 RACIAL CLASSIFICATION* Contents 12.0 Introduction 12.1 Contribution of J. F. Blumenbach 12.2 Contribution of E. A. Hooton 12.3 Contribution of H. H. Risley 12.4 Contribution of B. S. Guha 12.5 Summary 12.6 References 12.7 Answers/Hints to Check Your Progress Learning Objectives After reading this unit you would be able to: understand the basis of classification of human population; know about the racial classification given by different scholars; and comprehend the characteristic features of major racial groups. 12.0 INTRODUCTION In biology, more especially in respect of taxonomic classifications, race is an informal rank below the level of subspecies. Therefore, human race is a concept based on categorization of human population into groups. These categorizations were made on the basis of shared physical, genetical, social or cultural traits along with presumed common ancestry. One can easily find out three distinct types of physical features of ancient Indian population. As per Sanskrit literature; these types are classified as: light coloured Indo-Aryan, yellow coloured Kiratas (Indo-Mongoloids) and dark complexioned Nishadas (Australoids). Even ancient Chinese literatures also attempted to distinguish human groups on the basis of skin colour. However, Bernier, who travelled through the Old World in 1684, may be recognized as founder for attempting to classify human population into different races. The term “race” was first used in 1684 in something like its contemporary meaning of a major division of humanity displaying a distinctive combination of physical traits transmitted through a line of descent. However, Francois Bernier, the first person to use the word in that way, did not address the crucial question of how these “races” were related to the human species as a whole. Immanuel Kant wrote his essay “Of the Different Human Races” in 1775 both to combat polygenesis and to show that the concept of race was a valuable way of organizing the flood of materials about distant peoples that was * Professor Subir Biswas, Department of Anthropology, West Bengal State University, Berunanpukuria, PO-Malikapur, Barasat, West Bengal. Download 228.37 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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