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Alpha-Ray Spectroscopy
Figure 5 Schematic representation of the "Bragg Curve", the mean rate of energy loss per length, as a
function of the distance. Notice that the rate of energy loss is highest near the end of the range. From Knoll.
3. The Detection and Measurement of the Alpha Energy
One way to detect
α’s would be to let them pass through a gas between the plates of a capacitor. In
the electric field of the capacitor, the electrons and ions created by the
α
would drift to the plates,
and be recorded as a current pulse.
This is called, appropriately, an ionization detector.
This idea
works, but it is limited in practice by the fact that the current or voltage signals are very small, so
that sensitive electrometers, careful control of grounding,
etc. are required to measure it. A better
technique is to build a semiconductor analog of the ionization chamber, measure the pulses with a
charge-integrating amplifier, digitize the pulse heights, and send to a histogramming program. We
outline the basic ideas below; further detail is given in the discussion of procedure in Sec. 4.
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