Using song in teaching english speaking skills for young learners

b. Reviewing and exploring the data 
In this step, the researcher will try to explore the data that has been 
prepared and organized. The researcher begins to explore by reading and 
looking through the various types of data collected. Reviewing the data 
starts from examine all of the different sources of data together. Through 

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reviewing, the researcher seek to understand the scope of data before begin 
to divide them into more manageable. 
c. Coding Data into Categories 
Next, the researcher will identify the major and minor themes in the 
coded data. Coding is the process of identifying different segments of the 
data that describe related phenomena and labeling these parts using board 
category name (Lodico, 2005: 205). Themes provide the organizing ideas 
that the researcher will use to explain what they have learned from the 
study. The researcher then reexamines the data using themes as 
organizational frameworks to see if they provide a deeper understanding of 
the data. 
Table 1.2.Coding 
Code 
Names 
Code Categories 
Code 
Names 
Code Categories 
EFL
English Foreign Language #s1 
Student 1 
ESL
English Second Language
#s2 
Student 2 
EYLs
English 
for 
Young 
Learners 
#af 
Teacher 1 
MI 
Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 
#ss 
Teacher 2 
YLs 
Young Learners 
 
d. Constructing descriptions of people, places, and activities
In this step, the researcher will write detailed descriptions of the 
people, places, and events in the study. It has a purpose to provide rich, in-
depth descriptions, and physical settings represented in the data.