Uzbek and english poetry

Uzbek and english poetry

ISAKULOVA KHILOLA

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After the independence of Uzbekistan, it became challenge problem to learn English and Uzbek languages by comparing them and finding the similarities and differences of these languages. First President of Uzbekistan I. A. Karimov paid more attention to it and gave lots of ideas in order to solve this problem. It will be given an example of his speech: “These days, there are being paid a lot of attention to learn and to teach foreign languages in our country.” Nowadays, learning foreign languages comparing to Uzbek languages are more efficient. Because, it would be somehow unclear to understand conceptions of foreign languages without comparing. For instance, degree of comparison, from this it means learning the comparative and the superlative degrees are becoming more essential.

The most famous term of stylistics and poetry is epithet. Epithet is derived from Greek language and it means “the adjective added to a phrase used instead of it, usually in poetry and stylistics.” In other words, it assists to describe or to depict smith in a beautiful and movable way. Epithet gives more color, style and beauty to the thing, which is being described. That’s why epithet is one of the most important and gist term of stylistic conceptions.

Epithet was being learned from ancient centuries and there were collected a lotof researches and information about it. This word firstly was used by Aristotle’s and Quintilian’s works. Aristotle mentioned that epithet is something like metaphor. If someone uses a metaphor, they use a word in a way that is slightly different from its basic meaning. Metaphors are common in written than spoken English and often have the effect of sounding quite poetic.

To trails, in the strict sense of this term, only epithets belong to which the words used in figurative meaning (golden autumn, tear-stained windows) fulfill the function, and the difference from the exact epithets expressed by words used in direct meaning (red viburnum, hot midday). Epithets are often the colorful definitions expressed by adjectives (The watchman struck a clock on the bell tower — twelve strokes, and although the coast was far away, this ring flew up to us, passed the steamer and went across the water to the transparent twilight where the moon hung. I know: how to name the weary light of the white night? Mysterious? Or magical? These nights always seem to me an excessive generosity of nature — how much they have pale air and a transparent luster of foil and silver.-- Paust.).

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Most epithets characterize objects, but there are also those that describe actions in a figurative way. In this case, if the action is indicated by a verbal noun, the epithet is expressed by an adjective (heavy cloud movement, sleep noise of rain), but if the action is called a verb, then the adjective can be an adverb that acts as a circumstance (Leaves were stretched out in the wind. — Paust.). As epithets can also be used nouns, playing the role of applications, predicates, giving a figurative characteristic of the subject (Poet — the echo of the world, and not only — the nurse of his soul.-- MG).

Quintilian divides epithet into two: epithet, which is used by poets and epithet, which is used by orators. He enlightened that poets use epithet often and it is used slightly different from the described word’s basic meaning, but in orator’s speech epithet should be in the same meaning of that word, without any spare word. Firstly, A. A. Potebnya and his followers D. N. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovskiy, A. A. Zelenetskiy did much efforts to develop epithet. V. G. Gak, Gumboldt, I. V. Arnold, I. R. Galperin, Panasenko and from Russian poets A. N. Veselovskiy, V. M. Jirmunskiyadded their share to the development of epithet.

If speak about the role of epithet in Uzbek and English poetry, we can say undoubtedly that it is the most effective poetic method. O.Veselovskiy claimed that epithet’s history is shortened type of poetic method. According to V. M. Jirmunskiy’sopinion, epithet is something important, which helps to choose the most necessary signs among things other signs and it shows poet’s poetic qualities. Words, which describe quality, color, volume, shape, taste and position of things, are considered as comparison in English and Uzbek too.This comparison in literal language is named epithet. The epithet moves from one thing to another slightly different by meanings of its basic.

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