Variant 16 What is the difference between tangible and intangible incentives?

Variant 20

1. 
   Explain the difference between "Management", "Leadership", "Manager" and "Leader".
   

The difference between a leader and a manager is subtle yet distinctive. In fact, there are several differences that many people overlook since they seem overlapping. The fact of the matter is, a good manager may not necessarily be a good leader, while a good leader is always a good manager. Leaders are charismatic individuals inspiring others to follow them, while managers manage a group of people purely based on their position. This article will further the Management vs Leadership debate, outlying how the two differ from one another.
While the role of managers and leaders may be similar, the way they act defines them. A manager will remain in the shadows and let his subordinates do the grunt work while he manages them. A leader, however, leads from the front and gives others an example to follow. Seeing the enthusiasm and work ethic in a leader, followers feel inspired and are motivated to do the same. Thus, a leader can say that he worked with his team to make a difference, while a manager says he made his team make a difference.
Leadership and management are quite different in terms of power dynamics as well. A manager exerts his or her power over a group, making them follow orders. These subordinates do so because of a natural hierarchal structure that is present in their respective organizations. Hence, employees are more or less forced to follow these orders, implying a system of power is being acted on. In leadership, however, there exists an aspect of influence. Through his or her charisma and leadership qualities, a leader is able to exert influence on their people. This in term inspires people to follow the leader and o as he does. It is interesting to note, however, that this influence of a leader is his or her source of power. For a manager, the source of power is the system that they operate in.
Leadership is a quality of influencing people, so that the objectives are attained willingly and enthusiastically. It is not exactly same as management, as leadership is one of the major element of management. Management is a discipline of managing things in the best possible manner. It is the art or skill of getting the work done through and with others. It can be found in all the fields, like education, hospitality, sports, offices etc.
One of the major difference between leadership and management, is management is for formal and organized group of people only, whereas leadership is for both formal and informal groups. To further comprehend the two concepts, take a read of the given article.
The major difference between leadership and management are as under:

1.Leadership is a virtue of leading people through encouraging them. Management is a process of managing the activities of the organisation.

2.Leadership requires trust of followers on his leader. Unlike Management, which needs control of manager over its subordinates.
3.Leadership is a skill of influencing others while Management is the quality of the ruling.
4.Leadership demands foresightedness of leader, but Management has a short range vision.
5.In leadership, principles and guidelines are established, whereas, in the case of management, policies and procedures are implemented.
6.Leadership is Proactive. Conversely, management is reactive in nature.
7.Leadership brings change. On the other hand, Management brings stability.