Vascular plants of west-central Montana-identification guidebook
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acris v. asteroides .................... 155 acris v. debilis .......................... 155 caespitosus ............................... 158 compositus ............................... 153 corymbosus .............................. 155 coulteri ..................................... 156 divergens ................................. 158 evermannii ............................... 158 glabellus ................................... 156 linearis ..................................... 155 lonchophyllus .......................... 156 peregrinus ssp. callianthemus 156 peregrinus v. scaposus ............ 156 philadephicus .......................... 156 pumilus .................................... 153 rydbergii .................................. 158 simplex ..................................... 158 speciosus .................................. 155 strigosus .................................. 158 subtrinervis ............................. 155 ERIOGONUM ............................. 316 ERIOPHORUM ........................... 512 ERIOPHYLLUM ......................... 159 eriophyllum ................................. 159 ERITRICHIUM ............................. 70 ERODIUM ................................... 240 ERYSIMUM ................................ 211 ERYTHRONIUM ........................ 614 EUPATORIUM ........................... 159 EUPHORBIA .............................. 234 EUPHORBIACEAE .................... 234 Evening-primrose Family .......... 293 evening-primrose ........................ 300 FABACEAE ................................. 262 fairy bells ..................................... 614 fairy-candelabra .......................... 340 fairy slipper ................................. 621 false-agoseris ............................... 174 false buffalograss ........................ 566 false bugbane .............................. 365 false dandelion ............................ 121 false flax ...................................... 203 false hellebore ............................. 617 false melic ................................... 583 false mermaid ............................. 285 false Solomon’s seal .................... 615 fanweed ....................................... 220 felwort ......................................... 239 fernleaf ........................................ 429 ferns ............................................... 31 fescue ........................................... 552 FESTUCA ................................... 552 fiddleneck ...................................... 65 Figwort Family ........................... 417 figwort ......................................... 436 filago ............................................ 159 FILAGO ....................................... 159 filaree .......................................... 240 fir ................................................... 47 fireweed ....................................... 295 flatsedge ...................................... 508 flax ............................................... 285 Flax Family ................................. 285 flaxleaf plainsmustard ............... 218 flixweed ....................................... 207 fleabane ............................... 149, 152 FLOERKEA ................................ 285 foamflower ................................... 417 fool’s huckleberry ........................ 228 forget-me-not ........................... 70, 75 Four-O’Clock Family .................. 291 four-o’clock .................................. 291 foxtail ........................... 531, 560, 583 FRAGARIA ................................. 371 FRASERA ................................... 237 frasera ......................................... 237 FRAXINUS ................................. 293 French spinach ........................... 110 fringecup ..................................... 407 FRITILLARIA ............................. 614 fritillary ....................................... 614 Frog’s-bit Family ........................ 590 FUMARIACEAE ......................... 237 Fumitory Family ......................... 237 GAILLARDIA ............................. 159 gaillardia ..................................... 159 GALEOPSIS ................................ 255 GALIUM ...................................... 390 GAULTHERIA ............................ 228 gaura ........................................... 298 GAURA ........................................ 298 gay-feather .................................. 171 gayophytum ................................ 298 GAYOPHYTUM .......................... 298 Gentian Family ........................... 237 gentian ........................................ 238 GENTIANA ................................. 239 GENTIANACEAE ...................... 237 Gentianella .................................. 239 GERANIACEAE ......................... 240 Geranium Family ....................... 240 GERANIUM ................................ 242 geranium ..................................... 242 GEUM ......................................... 371 GILIA .......................................... 309 gilia .............................................. 309 Ginseng Family ............................. 59 glacier lily .................................... 614 GLECOMA .................................. 255 globe-mallow ............................... 289 GLOSSOPETALON .................... 108 globeflower .................................. 365 GLYCERIA .................................. 558 GLYCYRRHIZA .......................... 268 GNAPHALIUM ........................... 161 goat grass .................................... 522 goatsbeard ................................... 188 goatweed ...................................... 252 gold thread .................................. 350 golden aster ................................. 146 golden carpet ............................... 406 golden-pea ................................... 278 goldenrod ..................................... 182 goldenweed .................................. 162 GOODYERA ................................ 622 Gooseberry Family ...................... 243 gooseberry ................................... 243 Goosefoot Family ........................ 108 goosefoot ...................................... 110 grama-grass ................................ 535 grama .......................................... 535 GRAMINEAE .............................. 516 Grape Family .............................. 466 grape fern ...................................... 31 Grass Family ............................... 516 grass of Parnassus ...................... 410 GRATIOLA ................................. 423 greasewood .................................. 110 green-bush ................................... 108 green gentian .............................. 239 GRINDELIA ............................... 161 gromwell ........................................ 71 GROSSULARIACEAE ............... 243 ground cedar ................................. 26 ground ivy ................................... 255 groundsel ..................................... 177 groundsmoke ............................... 298 grouseberry ................................. 234 gumweed ..................................... 161 GUTIERREZIA ........................... 162 GYMNOCARPIUM ....................... 39 GYPSOPHILA .............................. 96 HABENARIA .............................. 624 HACKELIA ................................... 70 hackelia ......................................... 70 hairgrass ..................................... 545 HALORAGACEAE ..................... 248 HAPLOPAPPUS ......................... 162 Harding grass ............................. 569 Harebell Family ............................ 80 harebell ......................................... 80 hawksbeard ................................. 150 hawkweed .................................... 167 hawthorn ..................................... 370 heal-all ......................................... 260 heartweed .................................... 325 Heath Family .............................. 224 heather ................................ 227, 230 hedge-hyssop ............................... 423 hedge nettle ................................. 262 HEDYSARUM ............................ 268 HELENIUM ................................ 165 HELIANTHUS ............................ 165 HEMEROCALLIS ...................... 615 hemlock ................................. 52, 449 Hemp Family ................................ 83 hemp nettle ................................. 255 643 hemp .............................................. 83 henbane ....................................... 442 henbit .......................................... 255 HERACLEUM ............................ 451 HESPERIS .................................. 212 HESPEROCHIRON ................... 249 hesperochiron .............................. 249 HETEROCODON ......................... 82 heterocodon ................................... 82 Heterotheca ................................. 146 HEUCHERA ............................... 406 HIERACIUM .............................. 167 HIEROCHLOE ........................... 560 HIPPURIDACEAE ..................... 248 HIPPURIS ................................... 248 hoary cress .................................. 205 HOLCUS ..................................... 560 holly fern ....................................... 41 hollyhock ..................................... 289 HOLODISCUS ............................ 374 HOLOSTEUM ............................... 96 Honeysuckle Family ..................... 83 honeysuckle ................................... 85 hop ............................................... 291 HORDEUM ................................. 560 horehound ........................... 256, 258 Horned Pondweed Family .......... 637 horned pondweed ........................ 637 Hornwort Family ........................ 108 hornwort ...................................... 108 horse-brush ................................. 187 horsemint ............................ 255, 258 Horsetail family ............................ 28 horsetail ........................................ 28 horseweed .................................... 149 hound’s tongue .............................. 68 huckleberry ................................. 233 HULSEA ..................................... 168 hulsea .......................................... 168 HUMULUS ................................. 291 Hydrangea Family ...................... 248 HYDRANGEACEAE .................. 248 HYDROCHARITACEAE ............ 590 HYDROPHYLLACEAE .............. 249 HYDROPHYLLUM .................... 249 HYOSCYAMUS .......................... 442 HYPERICACEAE ....................... 252 HYPERICUM .............................. 252 HYPOCHAERIS ......................... 169 HYPOPITYS ............................... 226 IBERIS ........................................ 212 IDAHOA ...................................... 212 Idaho strawberry ........................ 390 ILIAMNA .................................... 289 IMPATIENS .................................. 61 Indian-wheat ............................... 306 Indian pipe .................................. 226 IRIDACEAE ................................ 590 iris ................................................ 590 Iris Family .................................. 590 ISATIS ......................................... 212 ISOETACEAE ............................... 24 ISOETES ....................................... 24 IVA .............................................. 169 IVESIA ........................................ 374 ivesia ........................................... 374 Jacob’s ladder .............................. 314 jagged chickweed .......................... 96 Jerusalem artichoke ................... 167 Jerusalem oak ............................. 113 jewelweed ...................................... 61 Jim Hill mustard ........................ 220 jimson weed ................................. 442 jump cactus ................................... 79 JUNCACEAE .............................. 592 JUNCAGINACEAE .................... 603 JUNCUS ..................................... 592 alpinus ..................................... 599 articulatus ............................... 599 balticus var. montanus ........... 595 balticus var. vallicola .............. 595 bufonius ................................... 593 confusus ................................... 593 covillei ...................................... 597 drummondii ............................. 595 effusus ...................................... 595 ensifolius .................................. 599 ensifolius var. montanus ........ 599 filiformis .................................. 595 interior ..................................... 593 longistylis ................................ 597 mertensianus ........................... 597 nevadensis ............................... 599 nodosus .................................... 597 parryi ....................................... 595 regelii ....................................... 597 tenuis ....................................... 593 torreyi ...................................... 599 Junegrass .................................... 562 juniper ........................................... 43 JUNIPERUS ................................. 43 KALMIA ...................................... 228 kinnikinnick ................................ 227 kittentails ............................ 419, 436 knapweed .................................... 143 KNAUTIA ................................... 223 knautia ........................................ 223 knawel ........................................... 99 knotweed ..................................... 320 KOCHIA ...................................... 115 KOELERIA ................................. 562 koeleria ........................................ 562 LABIATAE .................................. 254 Labrador tea ............................... 228 LACTUCA ................................... 169 ladies’ tresses .............................. 628 lady’s slipper ............................... 622 lady fern ........................................ 36 lamb’s quarters ........................... 111 LAMIACEAE .............................. 254 LAMIUM ..................................... 255 LAPPULA ..................................... 71 lapsana ........................................ 171 LAPSANA ................................... 171 larch ............................................... 47 LARIX ............................................ 47 larkspur ....................................... 352 LATHYRUS ................................ 268 laurel ........................................... 228 LEDUM ....................................... 228 LEGUMINOSAE ........................ 262 LEERSIA ..................................... 562 LEMNA ....................................... 603 LEMNACEAE ............................. 603 LENTIBULARIACEAE .............. 285 LEONURUS ................................ 256 leopard lily .................................. 615 LEPIDIUM .................................. 212 LEPTODACTYLON ................... 311 leptodactylon ............................... 311 LESQUERELLA ......................... 215 Lesser Clubmoss Family .............. 26 lesser clubmoss ............................. 28 lettuce .......................................... 169 LEWISIA ..................................... 334 lewisia ......................................... 334 LIATRIS ...................................... 171 licorice-root .......................... 268, 451 licorice ......................................... 268 LIGUSTICUM ............................ 451 LILIACEAE ................................ 605 Lily Family .................................. 605 LIMNANTHACEAE ................... 285 LIMOSELLA ............................... 423 LINACEAE ................................. 285 linanthastrum ............................. 311 LINANTHASTRUM ................... 311 linanthus ..................................... 311 LINANTHUS .............................. 311 LINARIA ..................................... 425 LINNAEA ...................................... 83 LINUM ........................................ 285 lip fern ........................................... 36 listera .......................................... 626 LISTERA ..................................... 626 LITHOPHRAGMA ...................... 407 LITHOSPERMUM ....................... 71 littlebells ..................................... 314 lloydia .......................................... 615 LLOYDIA .................................... 615 LOASACEAE .............................. 286 locoweed .............................. 264, 276 locust ........................................... 278 LOLIUM ...................................... 562 lomatium ..................................... 453 LOMATIUM ................................ 453 LONICERA ................................... 85 loosestrife .................................... 343 Loosestrife Family ...................... 288 LORANTHACEAE ..................... 286 lousewort ..................................... 429 lovegrass ...................................... 552
644 LUETKEA ................................... 374 lupine ........................................... 270 LUPINUS .................................... 270 LUZULA ...................................... 602 LYCHNIS ...................................... 98 LYCIUM ...................................... 443 LYCOPODIACEAE ...................... 24 LYCOPODIUM ............................. 24 LYCOPUS ................................... 256 LYSIMACHIA ............................. 343 LYTHRACEAE ........................... 288 MACHAERANTHERA ............... 171 Madder Family ........................... 390 MADIA ........................................ 171 madwort ........................................ 66 maidenhair fern ............................ 35 male fern ....................................... 38 Mallow Family ............................ 288 mallow ......................................... 289 MALVA ........................................ 289 MALVACEAE ............................. 288 mannagrass ................................. 558 Maple Family ................................ 53 maple ............................................. 53 Mare’s tail Family ...................... 248 mare’s tail ................................... 248 marijuana ...................................... 83 mariposa ...................................... 609 MARRUBIUM ............................. 258 marsh-elder ................................. 169 marshmarigold ............................ 348 MARSILEA ................................... 31 MARSILEACEAE ......................... 31 MATRICARIA ............................. 172 matricaria ................................... 172 matrimony vine ........................... 443 may-weed .................................... 172 mayweed ...................................... 126 Meadowfoam Family .................. 285 meadowrue .................................. 363 medic ........................................... 274 MEDICAGO ................................ 274 MELAMPYRUM ......................... 425 melic ............................................ 564 MELICA ...................................... 564 MELILOTUS .............................. 274 MENTHA .................................... 258 MENTZELIA ............................... 286 MENYANTHACEAE .................. 289 MENYANTHES .......................... 289 menziesia .................................... 228 MENZIESIA ................................ 228 MERTENSIA ................................ 73 MICROSERIS ............................. 172 microseris .................................... 172 microsteris ................................... 311 MICROSTERIS ........................... 311 milfoil .......................................... 120 milkspurge .................................. 237 milk-thistle .................................. 185 milkvetch ..................................... 264 Milkweed Family .......................... 61 milkweed ....................................... 61 millet ........................................... 567 MIMULUS .................................. 425 miner’s candle ............................... 66 miner’s lettuce ............................ 335 Mint Family ................................ 254 mint ............................................. 258 MIRABILIS ................................. 291 Mistletoe Family ......................... 286 mist maiden ................................ 252 MITELLA .................................... 408 mitrewort .................................... 408 mock cypress ............................... 115 mockorange ................................. 248 MONARDA ................................. 258 monarda ...................................... 258 Moneses ....................................... 233 monkey flower ............................. 425 monkshood .................................. 345 MONOLEPIS .............................. 115 MONOTROPA ............................ 226 montia ......................................... 335 MONTIA ...................................... 335 moonwort ....................................... 33 MORACEAE ............................... 291 Morning glory Family ................. 190 morning glory .............................. 190 moss campion .............................. 102 motherwort .................................. 256 mountain heather ....................... 227 mountain sorrel .......................... 318 mountain ash .............................. 387 mountain avens .......................... 371 mountain box .............................. 108 mountain heath .......................... 230 mountain lover ............................ 108 mountain mahogany ................... 370 mountain spray ........................... 374 mouse-tail .................................... 352 mudwort ...................................... 423 MUHLENBERGIA ..................... 564 muhly .......................................... 564 Mulberry Family ......................... 291 mule’s-ears .................................. 188 mullein ........................................ 437 MUNROA .................................... 566 munroa ........................................ 566 musineon ..................................... 454 MUSINEON ................................ 454 Mustard Family .......................... 174 mustard ....................................... 202 mutton-grass ............................... 577 MYOSOTIS ................................... 75 MYOSURUS ............................... 352 MYRIOPHYLLUM ..................... 248 myrtle boxwood ........................... 108 NAJADACEAE ............................. 13 needle-and-thread ....................... 587 needlegrass ................................. 587 NEMOPHILA .............................. 249 nemophila .................................... 249 NEPETA ...................................... 258 Nettle Family .............................. 459 nettle ........................................... 459 Nightshade Family ..................... 442 nightshade ................................... 443 ninebark ...................................... 376 nipplewort ................................... 171 NUPHAR ..................................... 291 NYCTAGINACEAE .................... 291 NYMPHAEACEAE ..................... 291 oak fern ......................................... 39 oatgrass ............................... 543, 589 oats .............................................. 532 ocean-spray ................................. 374 OENOTHERA ............................. 300 old man’s whiskers ..................... 373 OLEACEAE ................................ 293 Oleaster Family .......................... 223 ONAGRACEAE .......................... 293 onion ............................................ 606 oniongrass ................................... 564 ONOBRYCHIS ............................ 274 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE ................. 31 OPUNTIA ...................................... 79 orache .......................................... 110 orchard-grass .............................. 543 Orchid Family ............................. 621 ORCHIDACEAE ......................... 621 Oregon grape ................................. 61 Oregon sunshine ......................... 159 OROBANCHACEAE .................. 301 OROBANCHE ............................. 301 OROGENIA ................................. 456 ORTHOCARPUS ........................ 427 ORYZOPSIS ................................ 566 OSMORHIZA .............................. 456 owl clover ..................................... 427 OXALIDACEAE .......................... 303 OXALIS ....................................... 303 Oxalis Family .............................. 303 oxeye daisy .................................. 146 OXYRIA ....................................... 318 OXYTROPIS ............................... 276 PACHISTIMA ............................. 108 paintbrush ................................... 420 panic grass .................................. 567 PANICUM ................................... 567 pansy ........................................... 466 PAPAVER ................................... 305 PAPAVERACEAE ...................... 305 PARNASSIA ............................... 410 parrot’s beak ............................... 429 Parsley Family ............................ 445 parsnip ........................................ 457 PARTHENOCISSUS .................. 466 partridge-foot .............................. 374 pasqueflower ............................... 345 PASTINACA ............................... 457 pathfinder ................................... 121
645 Pea Family .................................. 262 pea tree ........................................ 267 pear .............................................. 384 pearlwort ....................................... 98 pearly everlasting ....................... 122 peavine ........................................ 268 PEDICULARIS ........................... 429 pennycress ................................... 220 penstemon ................................... 431 PENSTEMON ............................. 431 pepper grass ................................ 212 peppermint .................................. 258 Pepperwort Family ....................... 31 pepperwort .................................... 31 PERIDERIDIA ............................ 457 PETASITES ................................ 174 PETROPHYTUM ........................ 374 PHACELIA ................................. 249 phacelia ....................................... 249 PHALARIS .................................. 567 PHILADELPHUS ....................... 248 PHLEUM .................................... 569 Phlox Family ............................... 308 phlox ............................................ 311 PHLOX ........................................ 311 PHRAGMITES ............................ 569 PHYLLODOCE ........................... 230 PHYSARIA .................................. 215 PHYSOCARPUS ......................... 376 PHYSOSTEGIA .......................... 260 PICEA ........................................... 49 pigweed .................................. 55, 110 PINACEAE ................................... 45 Pine Family ................................... 45 pine ................................................ 49 pineapple-weed ........................... 172 pinedrops ..................................... 227 pinegrass ..................................... 541 pinesap ........................................ 226 Pink Family .................................. 88 pink ................................................ 96 PINUS ........................................... 49 pipsissewa ................................... 227 PLAGIOBOTHRYS ...................... 79 plainsmustard ............................. 218 PLANTAGINACEAE .................. 305 PLANTAGO ................................ 305 Plantain Family .......................... 305 plantain ....................................... 305 plectritis ...................................... 459 PLECTRITIS ............................... 459 plum ............................................. 381 POA ............................................. 571 alpina ....................................... 576 annua ....................................... 572 bulbosa ..................................... 574 canbyi ....................................... 576 compressa ................................ 572 cusickii ..................................... 574 cusickii var. epilis ................... 574 fendleriana .............................. 577 gracillima ................................. 576 grayana .................................... 579 incurva ..................................... 577 interior ..................................... 577 juncifolia .................................. 576 leptocoma ................................. 579 leptocoma var. paucispicula ... 579 lettermannii ............................. 579 nervosa ..................................... 576 nevadensis ............................... 576 palustris ................................... 574 pattersonii ............................... 579 pratensis .................................. 572 reflexa ...................................... 579 rupicola .................................... 579 sandbergii (syn. secunda) ....... 574 scabrella (canbyi) .................... 577 stenantha ................................. 577 trivialis .................................... 574 POACEAE ................................... 516 podfern .......................................... 35 poison ivy ...................................... 57 poison hemlock ............................ 449 POLEMONIACEAE ................... 308 polemonium ................................. 314 POLEMONIUM .......................... 314 POLYGONACEAE ..................... 316 POLYGONUM ............................ 320 achoreum ................................. 321 amphibium (natans) ................ 325 aviculare .................................. 321 bistortoides .............................. 327 coccineum ................................ 325 confertiflorum .......................... 327 convolvulus .............................. 327 douglasii .................................. 323 erectum .................................... 323 hydropiper ............................... 323 hydropiperoides ....................... 323 kelloggii ................................... 325 lapathifolium ........................... 325 majus ....................................... 323 minimum ................................. 323 persicaria ................................. 325 phytolaccaefolium ................... 327 punctatum ............................... 325 ramosissimum ......................... 323 sachalinense ............................ 329 sawatchense ............................ 323 viviparum ................................ 327 watsonii ................................... 327 POLYPODIACEAE ....................... 33 POLYPODIUM ............................. 39 polypody ........................................ 39 polypogon .................................... 581 POLYPOGON ............................. 581 POLYSTICHUM ........................... 39 pond lily ....................................... 293 Pondweed Family ....................... 628 pondweed ..................................... 628 popcorn flower ............................... 79 poplar .......................................... 393 Poppy Family .............................. 305 poppy ........................................... 305 POPULUS ................................... 393 PORTULACA .............................. 338 PORTULACACEAE ................... 334 POTAMOGETON ....................... 628 POTAMOGETONACEAE .......... 628 POTENTILLA ............................. 376 anserina ................................... 381 argentea ................................... 379 arguta ...................................... 376 biennis ..................................... 376 concinna v. divisa .................... 381 concinna v. macounii ............... 381 diversifolia ............................... 381 diversifolia v. perdissecta ....... 381 flabellifolia ............................... 381 fruticosa ................................... 377 glandulosa v. intermedia ........ 381 glandulos v. pseudorupestris .. 381 gracilis (vars.) .......................... 377 hippiana ................................... 379 norvegica .................................. 377 palustris ................................... 379 pensylvanica ............................ 379 recta ......................................... 379 rivalis ....................................... 379 poverty-weed ............................... 169 povertyweed ................................ 115 prairie star .................................. 407 PRENANTHES ........................... 174 prickly phlox ............................... 311 prickly pear ................................... 79 Primrose Family ......................... 340 primrose ...................................... 343 PRIMULA ................................... 343 PRIMULACEAE ......................... 340 prince’s feathers ............................ 56 prince’s pine ................................ 227 PRUNELLA ................................ 260 PRUNUS ..................................... 381 PSEUDOTSUGA .......................... 51 PTERIDIUM ................................. 41 PTEROSPORA ............................ 227 PUCCINELLIA ........................... 581 puccoon .......................................... 71 purple mustard ........................... 205 PURSHIA .................................... 384 Purslane Family ......................... 334 purslane ...................................... 338 pussy-toes .................................... 122 pussypaws ................................... 338 PYROLA ...................................... 230 pyrola ........................................... 230 PYRUS ........................................ 384 quackgrass .................................. 525 Queen Anne’s lace ....................... 451 queencup ..................................... 612 Quillwort Family .......................... 24 quillwort ........................................ 24 646 rabbitberry .................................. 224 rabbit’s-foot grass ....................... 581 rabbit-brush ................................ 146 radish .......................................... 216 ragged robbin .............................. 293 ragweed ....................................... 122 RANUNCULACEAE .................. 343 RANUNCULUS .......................... 354 abortivus .................................. 358 acriformis ................................. 358 acris .......................................... 358 alismaefolius var.alismellus .. 361 alismaefolius var. davisii ........ 361 aquatilis ................................... 355 cymbalaria ............................... 357 eschscholtzii ............................ 361 flabellaris ................................. 357 flammula ................................. 357 glaberrimus ............................. 355 gmelinii .................................... 357 inamoenus ............................... 361 longirostris .............................. 355 macounii .................................. 358 natans ...................................... 358 orthorynchus ........................... 361 pensylvanicus .......................... 361 populago ................................... 361 pygmaeus ................................. 363 repens ...................................... 363 sceleratus ................................. 357 subrigidus ................................ 357 testiculatus .............................. 363 uncinatus ................................. 358 RAPHANUS ................................ 216 raspberry ..................................... 385 RATIBIDA ................................... 175 rattle-grass .................................. 536 rattlesnake fern ............................ 33 rattlesnake plantain ................... 622 rattlesnake-root .......................... 174 red orache .................................... 110 redroot amaranth ......................... 56 redtop .......................................... 527 reed .............................................. 569 reedgrass ..................................... 539 rein orchid ................................... 624 RHAMNACEAE .......................... 365 RHAMNUS ................................. 365 rhododendron .............................. 233 RHODODENDRON .................... 233 RHUS ............................................ 57 RIBES .......................................... 243 ricegrass ...................................... 566 ROBINIA ..................................... 278 rock-brake ..................................... 38 rockcress ...................................... 196 rock-jasmine ................................ 340 rockmat ....................................... 374 rockstar ....................................... 407 ROMANZOFFIA ......................... 252 RORIPPA .................................... 216 ROSA ........................................... 384 ROSACEAE ................................ 367 Rose Family ................................ 367 rose .............................................. 384 roseroot ........................................ 194 ROTALA ...................................... 288 Rowan tree .................................. 389 RUBIACEAE ............................... 390 RUBUS ........................................ 385 RUDBECKIA .............................. 175 RUMEX ....................................... 329 Rush Family ................................ 592 rush ............................................. 592 Russian olive ............................... 224 Russian thistle ............................ 115 rye ................................................ 583 ryegrass ............................... 549, 562 sage .............................................. 260 sagebrush .................................... 131 sageweed ..................................... 134 sagewort ...................................... 131 SAGINA ........................................ 98 SAGITTARIA .............................. 468 sainfoin ........................................ 274 SALICACEAE ............................. 393 SALIX .......................................... 395 salsify .......................................... 188 SALSOLA .................................... 115 saltbush ....................................... 110 saltgrass ...................................... 549 SALVIA ....................................... 260 SAMBUCUS .................................. 86 Sandalwood Family .................... 404 sand spurry ................................. 105 sandweed ..................................... 200 sandwort ........................................ 90 SANGUISORBA ......................... 387 sanicle .......................................... 457 SANICULA ................................. 457 SANTALACEAE ......................... 404 SAPONARIA ................................. 99 sarsaparilla ................................... 60 saskatoon .................................... 369 SATUREJA ................................. 260 saussurea .................................... 175 SAUSSUREA .............................. 175 savory .......................................... 260 sawwort ....................................... 175 SAXIFRAGA ............................... 412 SAXIFRAGACEAE ..................... 404 Saxifrage Family ........................ 404 saxifrage ...................................... 412 scalepod ....................................... 212 SCHEUCHZERIA ....................... 635 SCHEUCHZERIACEAE ............ 635 SCHIZACHNE ............................ 583 SCHOENOCRAMBE .................. 218 SCIRPUS ..................................... 514 SCLERANTHUS ........................... 99 scorpionweed ............................... 249 scouring-rush ................................ 29 scratchgrass ................................ 566 SCROPHULARIA ....................... 436 SCROPHULARIACEAE ............ 417 SCUTELLARIA .......................... 260 sea blite ....................................... 115 SECALE ...................................... 583 Sedge Family .............................. 468 sedge ............................................ 468 SEDUM ....................................... 192 sego lily ........................................ 609 SELAGINELLA ............................ 28 SELAGINELLACEAE .................. 26 self-heal ....................................... 260 SENECIO .................................... 177 serviceberry ................................. 369 SETARIA ..................................... 583 shepherd’s purse ......................... 203 SHEPHERDIA ............................ 224 shield fern ..................................... 38 shooting star ............................... 341 SIBBALDIA ................................ 387 sibbaldia ...................................... 387 SILENE ......................................... 99 silene ........................................... 101 silverberry ................................... 224 silverweed ................................... 381 SISYMBRIUM ............................ 220 SISYRINCHIUM ........................ 592 SITANION .................................. 583 SIUM ........................................... 459 skullcap ....................................... 269 sky pilot ....................................... 316 sloughgrass ................................. 535 smartweed ................................... 320 SMELOWSKIA ........................... 220 smelowskia .................................. 220 SMILACINA ............................... 615 snakeroot ..................................... 457 snakeweed ................................... 162 sneezeweed .......................... 165, 327 snowberry ...................................... 86 snowdrops ................................... 456 snowflower .................................. 423 soapberry ..................................... 224 SOLANACEAE ........................... 442 SOLANUM .................................. 443 SOLIDAGO ................................. 182 Solomon’s seal ............................. 615 SONCHUS .................................. 184 SORBUS ...................................... 387 SORGHUM ................................. 385 sorghum ....................................... 385 sorrel ............................................ 329 sow-thistle ................................... 184 sowbane ....................................... 111 SPARGANIACEAE .................... 635 SPARGANIUM ........................... 635 SPARTINA .................................. 583 spatterdock .................................. 293 spearscale .................................... 110 speedwell ..................................... 437 SPERGULA ................................. 102 SPERGULARIA .......................... 105 647 SPHAERALCEA ......................... 289 SPHENOPHOLIS ....................... 585 spike rush .................................... 510 SPIRAEA ..................................... 389 spiraea ......................................... 389 SPIRANTHES ............................. 628 SPIRODELA ............................... 605 SPOROBOLUS ........................... 585 SPRAGUEA ................................ 338 springbeauty ............................... 334 spruce ............................................ 49 Spurge Family ............................ 234 spurge .......................................... 234 spurry .................................. 102, 105 squirreltail .................................. 583 St. John’s-wort Family ............... 252 St. John’s-wort ............................ 252 STACHYS ................................... 262 Staff Tree Family ........................ 108 star-thistle ................................... 143 starwort ....................................... 105 steer’s head ................................. 237 STELLARIA ................................ 105 STENANTHIUM ........................ 617 stenanthium ................................ 617 STEPHANOMERIA ................... 185 stickseed .................................. 70, 71 stinging nettle ............................. 459 stinkgrass .................................... 552 STIPA .......................................... 587 Stonecrop Family ........................ 192 stonecrop ..................................... 192 stoneseed ....................................... 71 stork’s-bill .................................... 240 strawberry blite .......................... 113 strawberry ................................... 371 STREPTOPUS ............................ 617 SUAEDA ..................................... 115 sugarbowls .................................. 350 SUKSDORFIA ............................ 416 suksdorfia .................................... 416 Sumac Family ............................... 57 sumac ............................................ 57 Sundew Family ........................... 223 sundew ........................................ 223 sundrops ...................................... 301 Sunflower Family ....................... 115 sunflower ..................................... 164 sweeps’ brush .............................. 602 sweet William ............................... 96 sweet-cicely ................................. 456 sweet clover ................................. 274 sweetgrass ................................... 560 sweetroot ..................................... 456 sweetvetch ................................... 268 swertia ......................................... 240 SWERTIA .................................... 240 sword fern ..................................... 41 SYMPHORICARPOS ................... 86 SYNTHYRIS ............................... 436 syringa ......................................... 248 tamarack ....................................... 47 TANACETUM ............................. 185 tansy mustard ............................. 207 tansy ............................................ 185 TARAXACUM ............................. 185 tare .............................................. 282 tarweed ........................................ 171 tasselflower ................................. 143 TAXACEAE ................................... 53 TAXUS .......................................... 53 Teasel Family .............................. 221 teasel ........................................... 223 TETRADYMIA ............................ 187 THALICTRUM ........................... 363 THERMOPSIS ............................ 278 thimbleberry ............................... 387 thimbleweed ................................ 346 thistle .................................. 143, 147 THLASPI ..................................... 220 three-awn .................................... 532 THUJA .......................................... 45 TIARELLA .................................. 417 tickle-grass .................................. 527 tickseed ........................................ 149 timothy ........................................ 569 toadflax ........................................ 425 tobacco-root ................................. 461 tofieldia ....................................... 617 TOFIELDIA ................................ 617 toothcup ....................................... 288 Touch-me-not Family ................... 61 touch-me-not ................................. 61 tower mustard ............................. 199 TOWNSENDIA ........................... 188 townsendia .................................. 188 TRAGOPOGON .......................... 188 TRAUTVETTERIA ..................... 365 treacle mustard ........................... 211 TRIFOLIUM ............................... 278 TRIGLOCHIN ............................. 603 trillium ........................................ 617 TRILLIUM .................................. 617 TRIODANIS .................................. 82 TRISETUM ................................. 589 trisetum ....................................... 589 TRITICUM .................................. 590 TROLLIUS .................................. 365 TSUGA .......................................... 51 tumblemustard ........................... 220 tumbleweed ................................... 55 turkey-peas ................................. 456 twayblade .................................... 626 twinberry ....................................... 85 twinflower ..................................... 83 twinpod ........................................ 215 twisted-stalk ............................... 617 TYPHA ........................................ 637 TYPHACEAE .............................. 637 ULMACEAE ............................... 445 ULMUS ....................................... 445 UMBELLIFERAE ....................... 445 URTICA ....................................... 459 URTICACEAE ............................ 459 UTRICULARIA ........................... 285 VACCARIA ................................. 106 VACCINIUM ............................... 233 Valerian Family .......................... 459 valerian ....................................... 459 VALERIANA ............................... 459 VALERIANACEAE .................... 459 vanilla grass ................................ 560 velvet-grass ................................. 560 Venus’-looking-glass ..................... 82 VERATRUM ............................... 617 VERBASCUM ............................. 437 VERBENA ................................... 461 verbena ........................................ 461 VERBENACEAE ........................ 461 VERONICA ................................. 437 Vervain Family ........................... 461 vervain ......................................... 461 vetch ............................................ 282 viburnum ....................................... 88 VIBURNUM .................................. 88 VICIA .......................................... 282 VIOLA ......................................... 463 VIOLACEAE ............................... 463 Violet Family .............................. 463 violet ............................................ 463 viper’s bugloss ............................... 79 virgin’s-bower .............................. 350 Virginia creeper .......................... 466 VITACEAE .................................. 466 Vulpia octoflora ........................... 555 wakerobin .................................... 617 WALDSTEINIA .......................... 390 waldsteinia .................................. 390 wallpepper ................................... 194 wallflower .................................... 211 wapato ......................................... 468 water-buttercup .......... 355, 357, 358 watercress ........................... 216, 218 water hemlock ............................. 449 water horehound ......................... 256 waterleaf ..................................... 249 Waterleaf Family ........................ 249 water lentil .................................. 605 Water lily Family ........................ 291 water lily ............................. 291, 293 water meal .................................. 605 water milfoil ................................ 248 Water milfoil Family .................. 248 Water Nymph Family ................... 13 water parsnip ...................... 447, 459 Water plantain Family ............... 466 water plantain ............................ 466 water-shield ................................ 291 water starwort .............................. 79 Water starwort Family ................. 79 waterweed ................................... 590 wayfaring-tree ............................... 88 wedgegrass .................................. 585 648 western redcedar .......................... 45 wheat ........................................... 590 wheatgrass .................................. 522 white-top ..................................... 205 whitlow-grass .............................. 207 whortleberry ............................... 234 wild cucumber ............................. 221 wild ginger .................................... 61 wild hyacinth .............................. 609 wildrye ......................................... 549 Willow Family ............................. 393 willow weed ......................... 295, 325 willow-herb .................................. 295 willow .......................................... 395 windflower ................................... 345 wintercress .................................. 200 wintergreen ......................... 228, 230 wire-lettuce ................................. 185 witchgrass ................................... 567 WOLFFIA .................................... 605 wood fern ....................................... 38 Wood-sorrel Family .................... 303 wood-sorrel .................................. 303 woodnymph ................................. 233 woodreed ..................................... 543 woodrush ..................................... 602 woodsia .......................................... 43 WOODSIA ..................................... 43 wool grass .................................... 516 woolly-weed ................................. 168 wormwood ................................... 131 woundwort .................................. 262 WYETHIA ................................... 188 XANTHIUM ................................ 188 XEROPHYLLUM ........................ 619 yampah ........................................ 457 yarrow ......................................... 120 yellow bells .................................. 614 yellow rocket ............................... 202 yellowcress .................................. 216 yellowthread ............................... 350 yerba buena ................................. 260 Yew Family ................................... 53 yew ................................................. 53 ZANNICHELLIA ........................ 637 ZANNICHELLIACEAE .............. 637
Lackschewitz, Klaus. 1991. Vascular plants of west-central Montana—identification guidebook. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-277. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. 648 p. This comprehensive guidebook provides keys, illustrations, and descriptions that aid identification of the 1,600+ species and varieties of vascular plants growing in west-central Montana. The area covered encompasses Ravalli County and southern Missoula County, and it includes the Bitterroot National Forest and portions of the Lolo National Forest. This guidebook uses a minimum of technical terminology and is intended for use by the public as well as by scientists, foresters, and educators. It may also serve as a model for compilation of similar information in other regions. KEYWORDS: natural vegetation, introduced plants, Northern Rocky Mountains, flora, botany, taxonomy The Intermountain Research Station provides scientific knowledge and technology to im- prove management, protection, and use of the forests and rangelands of the Intermountain West. Research is designed to meet the needs of National Forest managers, Federal and State agencies, industry, academic institutions, public and private organizations, and individu- als. Results of research are made available through publications, symposia, workshops, training sessions, and personal contacts. The Intermountain Research Station territory includes Montana, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and western Wyoming. Eighty-five percent of the lands in the Station area, about 231 million acres, are classified as forest or rangeland. They include grasslands, deserts, shrublands, alpine areas, and forests. They provide fiber for forest industries, minerals and fossil fuels for energy and industrial development, water for domestic and industrial consumption, forage for livestock and wildlife, and recreation opportunities for millions of visitors. Several Station units conduct research in additional western States, or have missions that are national or international in scope. Station laboratories are located in: Boise, Idaho Bozeman, Montana (in cooperation with Montana State University) Logan, Utah (in cooperation with Utah State University) Missoula, Montana (in cooperation with the University of Montana) Moscow, Idaho (in cooperation with the University of Idaho) Ogden, Utah Provo, Utah (in cooperation with Brigham Young University) Reno, Nevada (in cooperation with the University of Nevada) USDA policy prohibits discrimination because of race, color, national origin, sex, age, reli- gion, or handicapping condition. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any USDA-related activity should immediately contact the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20250. Document Outline
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