Vocabulary teaching as a part of the process of developing linguistic competence in efl classes

MAIN PART
Translating proverbs and sayings from one language to another can be challenging, particularly when the languages are not related, such as Uzbek and English. These expressions often contain cultural references and nuances that may not exist in the target language, making it difficult to convey the intended meaning accurately. One of the primary challenges in translating proverbs and sayings is that they are often deeply rooted in the culture and history of the language they originate from. As a result, the translator must be familiar with the cultural context and understand the significance of the expression to ensure that the translation accurately conveys the intended meaning. Additionally, proverbs and sayings often use figurative language, idioms, and metaphors that may not translate directly into the target language. For example, the Uzbek proverb "do’st do’stni kulfatda sinar" translates to " A friend in need is a friend indeed.²" However, the literal translation may not convey the same meaning in English, and the translator may need to find an equivalent expression or use additional words to clarify the intended meaning. Another challenge is that some proverbs and sayings are specific to a particular region or dialect, making it difficult to find an equivalent expression in another language. For example, the English saying " A bad beginning makes a bad ending, means "yomonlik bilan boshlangan ish yomonlik bilan tugaydi." [7]. This expression may not exist in English, and the translator may need to use a different expression that conveys a similar meaning. Translating proverbs and sayings from one language to another requires more than just linguistic skills. It also requires cultural knowledge, an understanding of figurative language, and the ability to find equivalent expressions that accurately convey the intended meaning. Only a skilled and experienced translator can effectively navigate these challenges and provide an accurate translation of proverbs and sayings from one language to another.
Translating proverbs and sayings across unrelated languages, such as Uzbek and English, can be particularly challenging due to the differences in cultural and linguistic contexts. Some of the key translation problems that may arise when translating proverbs and sayings in unrelated languages include:

1. 
   Cultural references: Proverbs and sayings are often deeply rooted in the cultural and historical contexts of a particular language or community. When translating these expressions into another language, the translator must have a deep understanding of the cultural references that underpin them to ensure that the meaning is accurately conveyed. For example, the English proverb "Don't count your chickens before they hatch" may be difficult to translate into Uzbek as the concept of hatching chickens may not have the same cultural significance.
   
2. 
   Idiomatic expressions: Proverbs and sayings often use idiomatic expressions that may not have a direct equivalent in another language. These expressions are often based on metaphorical or figurative language that can be difficult to translate without losing the intended meaning. For example, the Uzbek proverb "Bugungi ishni ertaga qoldirma" literally translates to "Yesterday was day, tomorrow will be night", but the metaphorical meaning of this expression may be lost in translation.[4]
   
3. 
   Differences in linguistic structure: Different languages have different linguistic structures, and this can make it difficult to find equivalent expressions for proverbs and sayings. For example, the English proverb "All roads lead to Rome" may be difficult to translate into Uzbek as there may not be an equivalent expression with the same linguistic structure.
   
4. 
   Ambiguity: Proverbs and sayings are often deliberately ambiguous, leaving the interpretation open to the reader or listener. This ambiguity can be difficult to translate, as the intended meaning may be lost in the translation. For example, the English proverb "A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush" may be difficult to translate into Uzbek as the ambiguity of the expression may be lost in translation.