Water Safety Planning for Urban Water Utilities: a practical Guide for adb staff

Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 78 (9).
Figure 1: Overview of Water Safety Plan Steps 
How to develop and implement a Water Safety Plan
A step-by-step approach using II learning modules
Preparation
Feedback
Revise the WSP
following incident
(Module II)
- Preliminary actions, including assembling the WSP team 
(Module I)
Incident
(emergency)
Investment required
for major system 
modification 
(Module 5) 
System Assessment
Operational Monitoring
Upgrade
Management and Communication
- Describe the water supply system (Module 2)
- Identify the hazards and assess the risks (Module 3)
- Determine and validate control measures, reassess and 
prioritize the risks (Module 4)
Develop, implement, and maintain an improvement/
upgrade plan (Module 5)
- Define monitoring of control measures (Module 6)
- Verify the effectiveness of the WSP
(Does the system meet health-based targets?) (Module 7)
- Prepare management procedures (Module 8)
- Develop supporting programmes (Module 9)
Plan and carry 
out periodic 
review of the 
WSP
(Module 10)
Source: Bartram, J. et al. 2009. Water Safety Plan Manual: Step-by-step risk management for drinking-water suppliers. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO. 

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INTRODUCTION 
3
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE WATER 
SAFETY PLAN APPROACH AND ADB POLICIES, 
GUIDELINES, AND DOCUMENTS
The WSP approach is consistent with key components of some ADB policies, guidelines, and 
documents that are relevant to the water sector and health promotion:
•
At the highest level, ADB’s Strategy 2020: The Long-Term Strategic Framework of the Asian 
Development Bank 2008–2020 sets out that investing in water supply infrastructure is intended 
to contribute to public health, and is one of ADB’s core areas of operations. ADB considers 
infrastructure projects related to water management a key contribution to improvements in 
health and gender equity. WSPs provide a tool to ensure that drinking-water supply projects are 
managed in the long term to deliver safe water and, thereby, achieve the public health contribution 
envisaged for the water supply projects described in Strategy 2020.
•
In relation to water specifically, ADB’s Water for All: The Water Policy of the Asian Development 
Bank 2001 highlights that providing increased access to safe water will translate to less illness 
and higher productivity, and notes the synergy between water supply and ADB’s broader poverty 
reduction strategy. In addition, ADB’s Water Operational Plan 2011–2020 states that lack of access 
to safe water is a barrier to improving health and widening access to education. ADB’s investment 
in water supply infrastructure is intended to contribute to gender equity and population health 
outputs. Consistent with these goals, WSPs provide a tool to systematically assess drinking-water 
safety risks from water supply and to put in place ongoing management approaches to ensure the 
mitigation of those risks.
•
In relation to health, ADB’s Operational Plan for Health 2015–2020 notes that investments in water 
supply are indirect but important contributions to health. The document promotes the need to 
improve collaboration between the health and infrastructure sectors. Consistent with these goals, 
WSPs explicitly set out the need to assemble a team of water and health sector professionals to 
develop, maintain, and review and revise the WSP to support the provision of safe drinking-water.
BENEFITS OF WATER SAFETY PLANS TO WATER 
SUPPLY PROJECTS
The historical approach to water safety management, relying on “end of pipe” testing of supplied 
drinking-water and comparing those results with concentration targets, was quite effective but was