Basic Textile Materials
The basic Textile materials are as follows:
Fiber
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Yarn
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Grey Fabric
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Finished Fabric
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End Product
Fiber
The textile industries use many different types of raw materials. Raw materials begin in agriculture with fiber production of cotton, flax, and other fibrous plants; in husbandry of sheep, other animals, and silkworms; in mining of metals and minerals.
Yarn
The fibers are processed into yarns. The yarns are made into fabrics for industrial and consumer uses by various means, such as weaving and knitting.
Grey Fabric
The undyed and unfinished fabric is called grey cloth.
Finished Fabric
Grey fabrics are converted into finished fabrics, which provide particular appearance and performances.
End Product
Finished fabrics are made into end-use products, including apparel, home furnishings, and various industrial applications. These products are then merchandise and sold.
Sources and Types
Textiles are made from many materials. The materials can be classified into four groups – plant, animal, mineral and synthetics.
Plant
The fibers which comes from the plants is called plant fibers. Plant fibers are also called vegetable fibers. The plant fibers are listed below:
Cotton
Linen
Jute
Hemp
Sisal
Kapok
Ramie
Coir
Pina
Animal
There are several animal fibers, each obtained from different sources, but only two are recognized as major textile fibers. They are wool and silk. Minor hair fibers are listed below:
Camel
Alpaca
Mohair
Cashmere
Rabbit and
Qiviut
Mineral
Asbestos: Asbestos is a natural fiber obtained from varieties of rock. It is a fibrous form of silicate of magnesium and calcium, containing iron, aluminium, and other materials. It is acid proof, rust proof, and flame proof. Consequently it has been used for materials requiring certain of these characteristics.
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